Evaluation of seepage quantity of fill dam using 3D FEM analysis

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The resistance of a fill dam against seepage is a critical element in judging whether it is unstable or hazardous, and accordingly whether an excessive quantity of leaking water has occurred or whether soil particles are contained in the water leakage, etc. This is normally monitored after the installation of a measuring device that is used for the quantity of a water leakage in the downstream reaches of the dam body. In reality, however, the safety management aspect against water leakage is not easy because the current methods of measuring the quantity of water leakage are sometimes inaccurate as a result of being affected by rainfall or by the groundwater, etc. through the foundational ground or the surrounding mountainous area. Using two-dimensional (2D) numerical analysis that covers the largest section of the dam body, a process is generally performed when evaluating its stability against seepage. The quantity of seepage is first obtained by assuming that its bottom topography is in the simple form of a rectangle, it is then calculated by reflecting its sectional shape during this process of analyzing the seepage quantity. Considering that various forms of dams are being constructed on various types of ground, thanks to more recent technological advances, it is judged more appropriate to draw a conclusion by means of the results on reflecting the realistic shape and topographical conditions of the dam body through three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis. Therefore, this study intends to present a method designed to carry out safety management by evaluating the correct quantity of water leakage that passes only through the dam body, having excluded other factors that include the amount of rainfall through the three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) analysis.

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