Nasal Drug Absorption from Powder Formulations: Effect of Fluid Volume Changes on the Mucosal Surface

  • Tanaka Akiko
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
  • Furubayashi Tomoyuki
    School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University
  • Enomura Yuki
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
  • Hori Tomoki
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
  • Shimomura Rina
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
  • Maeda Chiaki
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
  • Kimura Shunsuke
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
  • Inoue Daisuke
    School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University
  • Kusamori Kosuke
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
  • Katsumi Hidemasa
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
  • Sakane Toshiyasu
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
  • Yamamoto Akira
    Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University

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<p>The effect of changes in the mucosal fluid volume on the nasal drug absorption of powder formulations was evaluated using warfarin (WF), piroxicam (PXC), and norfloxacin (NFX) as model drugs. Lactose and sodium chloride (NaCl), which are water soluble and small-sized chemicals that increase osmotic pressure after dissolution, were used as excipients to change the mucosal fluid volume. The in vitro study using a Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayer indicated that lactose and NaCl, sprayed over the surface of air interface monolayers, increased the fluid volume on the monolayer surface and enhanced the transepithelial transport of the model drugs. The in vivo animal study indicated that the nasal absorption of PXC is enhanced by lactose and NaCl after nasal administration of the powder formulations. This is likely due to the enhanced dissolution of PXC on fluid-rich nasal mucosa and an increase in the effective surface area for drug permeation, which lead to better nasal absorption. However, both excipients failed to increase the nasal absorption of WF and NFX. To clarify the mechanism of the drug-dependent effect of lactose and NaCl, the nasal residence of the formulation was examined using FD70 as a non-absorbable marker. The nasal clearance of FD70 was enhanced by lactose and NaCl, leading to a decrease in the nasal drug absorption. Lactose and NaCl caused no damage to the nasal tissue. These results indicate that the addition of water-soluble excipients such as lactose to powder formulations can enhance the nasal absorption of highly permeable but poorly soluble drugs.</p>

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