Cytopenias and clonal expansion of gamma/delta T-cells in a patient with anaplasmosis: a potential diagnostic pitfall.
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- Marko Daniel
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba
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- Perry Anamarija M.
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba
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- Ponnampalam Arjuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba
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- Nasr Michel R.
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba
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<p>Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is a rare, tick-borne infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Herein, we report a rare case of human granulocytic anaplasmosis associated with cytopenias and clonal expansion of gamma/delta T-cells in the bone marrow. A 77-year old man presented multiple times to the emergency department complaining of muscle weakness. Complete blood count detected cytopenias and peripheral blood smear showed pseudo Pelger-Huet neutrophils. These findings prompted bone marrow evaluation with ancillary studies including flow cytometry, karyotyping and T-cell rearrangement studies. Careful examination of peripheral blood smear revealed very rare neutrophils with intracytoplasmic inclusions, suggestive of ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis. Bone marrow evaluation showed dyserythropoiesis, dysmegakaryopoiesis and prominence of hemophagocytic histiocytes. Furthermore, an increased number of T-cells was seen in the bone marrow and flow cytometry showed excess of gamma/delta T-cells, while T-cell rearrangement studies detected a T-cell clone. Serologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of anaplasmosis. This case nicely illustrates hematologic sequelae of infection with Anaplasma and potential diagnostic pitfalls, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of clonal expansion of gamma/delta T-cells associated with anaplasmosis. Pathologists should be careful and vigilant when screening peripheral blood smears, as they are often the first to raise the suspicion of anaplasmosis.</p>
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- Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ａｎｄ Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ Ｈｅｍａｔｏｐａｔｈｏｌｏｇｙ
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Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ａｎｄ Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ Ｈｅｍａｔｏｐａｔｈｏｌｏｇｙ 56 (3), 160-164, 2017
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