Adrenocortical carcinoma characterized by gynecomastia: A case report

  • Takeuchi Takako
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
  • Yoto Yuko
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
  • Ishii Akira
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
  • Tsugawa Takeshi
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
  • Yamamoto Masaki
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
  • Hori Tsukasa
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
  • Kamasaki Hotaka
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
  • Nogami Kazutaka
    Department of Pediatrics Hematology and Oncology, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
  • Oda Takanori
    Department of Pediatrics Hematology and Oncology, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
  • Nui Akihiro
    Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
  • Kimura Sachiko
    Department of Pathology, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
  • Yamagishi Takuya
    Maternal-Child Screening Division, Health Science Section, Sapporo City Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Japan
  • Homma Keiko
    Clinical Laboratory, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  • Hasegawa Tomonobu
    Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
  • Fukami Maki
    Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  • Watanabe Yoko
    Inspection Department, ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd, Kawasaki, Japan
  • Sasamoto Hidehiko
    Inspection Department, ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd, Kawasaki, Japan
  • Tsutsumi Hiroyuki
    Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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<p>We present a 4-yr-old boy with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), diagnosed due to the appearance of gynecomastia as the presenting symptom. Six months prior to admission, an acute growth spurt along with the development of bilateral breast swelling was observed. He did not present any features of virilization, including enlargement of the testes, increase in testis volume, and penis size. Laboratory investigations showed gonadotropin-independent hypergonadism, with low LH/ FSH levels and elevated estradiol/testosterone levels. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large heterogeneous mass adjacent to the right kidney and below the liver. Pathological investigations of the biopsy specimen demonstrated that the tumor was an ACC. Pre- and post-operative combination chemotherapy with mitotane was administered and surgical resection was carried out. Post-surgery, the elevated estradiol/testosterone concentrations reverted to within the reference range. Urinary steroid profile and tissue concentration analysis of estradiol and testosterone indicated the presence of estrogen in the ACC tissue. An investigation for TP53 gene aberrations revealed the presence of a germline point mutation in exon 4 (c.215C>G (p.Pro72Arg)). In ACC, the most common symptom is virilization, and feminization, characterized by gynecomastia, is very rare. However, a diagnostic possibility of ACC should be considered when we encounter patients who have developed gynecomastia without the influence of causative factors such as obesity or puberty, and do not present with the typical signs of virilization.</p>

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