谷戸地形を有する丘陵市街地における熱環境・風環境に関する研究

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タイトル別名
  • STUDY ON THERMAL AND WIND ENVIRONMENT IN HILLY CITY WITH YATO TOPOGRAPHY
  • 谷戸地形を有する丘陵市街地における熱環境・風環境に関する研究 : 実測調査と数値計算を活用した現状把握と地形分類毎の計画方針の提案
  • ヤト チケイ オ ユウスル キュウリョウ シガイチ ニ オケル ネツ カンキョウ ・ カゼ カンキョウ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ : ジッソク チョウサ ト スウチ ケイサン オ カツヨウ シタ ゲンジョウ ハアク ト チケイ ブンルイ ゴト ノ ケイカク ホウシン ノ テイアン
  • Understanding the current situation and proposing planning guideline for each topography classification using field measurement and numerical calculation
  • 実測調査と数値計算を活用した現状把握と地形分類毎の計画方針の提案

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<p> In recent years, the thermal environment in urbanized areas is becoming increasingly severe for residents because of urban heat island effect and global warming. These phenomena are collectively regarded as urban warming. Consequently, some problems, such as loss of inhabitant’s comfortable life, increasing of the energy consumption for cooling, extreme weather event and health hazard will occur. Therefore, effort to mitigate urban warming effect is permeating for example establishing guideline by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.</p><p> Such effects are also reported in Yokohama where is a target place of this study, and urban planning considering urban warming effect are demanded in urban masterplan of Yokohama. Urbanized areas in Yokohama are classified into flatland in coastal area and hilly area in inland. Inland area has complicated topography and a lot of small valleys called “Yato”. Generally, such valley area seems to be bad ventilation and heats tends to accumulate in valley because of its topographical characteristics. Therefore, urbanized Yato seems to tend to become more severe thermal environment than other urbanized area. On the other hand, in and around Yato, cold air drainage may be available to improve thermal environment during nighttime because of many forest areas in slope area of Yato.</p><p> Therefore, understanding thermal and wind environment characteristics in hilly city including Yato and proposing planning guidelines (i.e. land use planning and natural resource utilizing planning) for every topography from the view point of urban warming effect mitigation is important to form sustainable urban environment in Yokohama.</p><p> From such backgrounds, this study aims to understand thermal and wind environmental characteristics of hilly city including Yato and propose panning guidelines to mitigate urban warming effect. In this study, fixed point observation and numerical calculation by Multi-Scale Simulator for the Geoenvironment (MSSG) is used and present urban climate of hilly city is analyzed from these results. Furthermore, potential natural climate, in which building effect is removed and all present urbanized area is naturalized, is calculated by MSSG and potential climatic environments in hilly city are analyzed. Finally, planning guidelines for each topography in hilly city is proposed by using these results.</p><p> The major findings are as follows:</p><p> 1) Thermal and wind environment is not good in flatland and good in plateau in present daytime.</p><p> 2) Valley is better thermal and wind environment than flatland, but local higher air temperature area exists in valley from observation results in present daytime.</p><p> 3) Air temperature is lower near slope green area because of cold air drainage from slope green, and it is higher in center of flatland far from slope green in present nighttime.</p><p> 4) Maximum effective distance of cold air drainage is estimated about 50m from observation result and about 270m from calculation results respectively, and these distances differ by topography, amount of green area and building density around each area.</p><p> 5) Potential wind environment is good during daytime, and rich effect of cold air drainage is expected during nighttime in flatland. So, making open space near exit of valley and along prevail wind direction is effective to mitigate thermal environment during daytime and nighttime.</p><p> 6) Improving ventilation isn’t effective to for valley, this is because potential wind environment during daytime is not good in this area because of topographical characteristics. On the other hand, decreasing building density and renaturalization is required to maximize effect of cold air drainage.</p>

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