家庭用燃料電池を導入した場合の一次エネルギー削減効果に関する研究

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  • STUDY ON PRIMARY ENERGY REDUCTION EFFECT BY INSTALLING HOME-USE FUEL CELL COGENERATION SYSTEM
  • カテイヨウ ネンリョウ デンチ オ ドウニュウ シタ バアイ ノ イチジ エネルギー サクゲン コウカ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

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<p> INTRODUCTION</p><p> In this paper, numerical simulation is conducted when total 5.3 million units of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) are installed and operated nationwide, for power generation configuration and electricity supply amount of general electric utilities before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Calculate the primary energy reduction amount when a large number of home-use fuel cell co-generation systems (FCCGS) are installed and operated. Evaluation of introduction effect of home-use FCCGS as distributed power supply is performed. When a large number of fuel cells are installed, the power burden of the grid power is reduced. Operation of relatively inefficient power generation facilities will be reduced, and the primary energy consumption unit of grid power will also decrease. There is a possibility that primary energy will be reduced also in the non-residential housing that introduced home-use FCCGS. We will also consider this point in this paper. It is considered important to examine the primary energy reduction amount when introducing a large number of fuel cells in considering Japan's future energy mix.</p><p> </p><p> RESEARCH METHODS</p><p> The target area is 9 areas for each electric power supply range of nine general electric power companies in Japan, and each detached house and apartment house is the target housing. For the housing model of detached houses, use the standard problem model for housing of Architectural Institute of Japan, and for apartment houses, use the intermediate floor / intermediate dwelling model of one corridor type plate type. The average U-value 0.82 W / (m2·K) for detached houses and 0.68 W / (m2·K) for apartment houses throughout the country.</p><p> For thermal load calculation, use thermal load simulation software TRNSYS Ver. 16. Calculate the hourly air conditioning load of each target housing in each prefecture. For meteorological data, weather data for every hour published by the Japan Meteorological Agency on the web, lighting and various pieces of equipment heating data are calculated using SCHEDULE data. Weather data is used for 2010 and 2012.</p><p> Type of the cell stack of the fuel cell is two kinds of the polymer electrolyte (PE) and solid oxide (SO). PEFC sets startup time for target area, season, and house type and operation method in order to start and stop once a day. The start-up time is determined as the representative day from the coolest day in winter, summer season, and moderate seasons. In the SOFC installed house, the surplus heat after filling the hot water storage tank capacity is released to the atmosphere with a radiator (fan electric consumption: 4.8W). Surplus electric power during home-use FCCGS operation is flown to utility grid. When power generation of FCCGS follows power demand, each efficiency is changed by using the performance curve at partial load.</p><p> </p><p> RESULTS</p><p> The results are as follows;</p><p> In comparison with the fuel cell operation method, the primary energy reduction amount is large when rated operation is performed.</p><p> In terms of the power supply configuration, the total primary energy consumption will be reduced in both cases, but the primary energy consumption of FC houses will increase in nuclear power plants (2010). In the case of the power generation configuration including the nuclear power plant, the primary energy reduction amount is relatively small because the primary energy consumption intensity of the grid electric power is small.</p><p> The primary energy reduction rate is about 0.6 to 1.3% in the case of no nuclear power plants (2012).</p>

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