第二次世界大戦後のフランスにおける 柔道をめぐる対立とその展開

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  • 星野 映
    早稲田大学大学院スポーツ科学研究科博士後期課程

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Conflict and Development of Judo in Post-World War II France
  • 第二次世界大戦後のフランスにおける柔道をめぐる対立とその展開 : 国内と国外の相互連関に着目して
  • ダイニジ セカイ タイセンゴ ノ フランス ニ オケル ジュウドウ オ メグル タイリツ ト ソノ テンカイ : コクナイ ト コクガイ ノ ソウゴ レンカン ニ チャクモク シテ
  • Focus on the Interrelationship between situations Internal and External to France
  • 国内と国外の相互連関に着目して

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how complex relationships between judo organizations and groups in France changed after World War II. This paper focuses on the correlations between the internal situations of judo in France, and the tendencies outside of France. <BR> The first judo federation in France was the FFJJ, which existed from 1946 to 1956. The number of Judoka rapidly increased in France after WWII because of the Me´thode Kawaishi, an original judo method invented by Mikinosuke Kawaishi. The Me´thode Kawaishi was adapted by the FFJJ as the official method. The centralized governance system of this method can be credited for the successful production of judo professors as well as the creation of judo clubs. <BR> However, Shudokan Club and its professors were opposed to the FFJJ as they espoused the Kodokan Judo method by Ichiro Abe, rather than the Me´thode Kawaishi. Abe influenced the rise of adherents of Kodokan judo in France. They were called “tendence Kodokan”. They opposed the technical policy and the ethical characteristics of the FFJJ, and established their own federal organization in 1954. This federation showed their confrontational attitude towards the FFJJ, which resulted in the FFJJ attempting to exclude “tendence Kodokan” at first. This decisive conflict between the FFJJ and Kodokan spread across the country. Ultimately, both groups concluded with an agreement for their unification. A new federation, la Fe´de´ration Française de Judo et Disciplines Assimile´es（FFJDA） was established in 1956. <BR> In the international scene, the International Judo Federation was established in 1951, with the first World Judo Championship being held in 1956. Moreover, the movement by the IJF to include judo into the Olympic program started immediately after WWII. Thus, the period of dynamic international changes surrounding judo, and the period from the end of WWII to the foundation of FFJDA overlapped with each other. <BR> The FFJJ actively worked to retain hegemony over international judo after WWII. In order to take the initiative within the IJF, and to facilitate the inclusion of judo in the Olympic Games, the FFJJ approached Japan despite the view against “tendence Kodokan” in France. The more actively the FFJJ worked with the IJF, the more the differences between the national situation and the international attitude stood out. The FFJJ attempted to integrate with “tendence Kodokan” by making concessions in order to resolve the conflicting situation.

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