Crystallization of polypropylene, nylon‐66 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) at pressures to 200 MPa: Kinetics and characterization of products

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA66), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were studied, using a pressure dilatometer (to 200 MPa) to follow the volume changes associated with the crystallization process. The commonly used Avrami equation fitted the isothermal/isobaric crystallization data of PP and PA66 well. The Avrami exponent <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> was between 1.3 and 1.7, independent of crystallization pressure and temperature. Lines of constant Avrami rate parameter <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> in the P‐T plane were essentially parallel to the pressure dependence of the melting points and crystallization temperatures. However, the Avrami equation was not suitable for PET. The Malkin, Dietz, and Kim equations provided better fits. The crystallization half‐time of PET increased with pressure at constant supercooling, in contrast to PP and PA66, for which it remained essentially unchanged. X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and pressure dilatometry were used to study the effect of formation pressure on the crystal structure, the melting point, and the density of products which were crystallized for short times (minutes) at various temperatures and pressures. No new crystal structures were found for PA66 and PET, but a mixture of monoclinic and triclinic crystals existed in PP above a formation pressure of 50 MPa. The melting points increased with formation pressure for PET, but remained unchanged for PP and PA66. Density at ambient conditions decreased with formation pressure for PP, but increased for PET and PA66. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</jats:p>

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