Mucosa‐associated bacteria in ulcerative colitis before and after antibiotic combination therapy

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<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background</jats:bold> : We proposed that <jats:italic>Fusobacterium varium</jats:italic> is one of the causative agents in ulcerative colitis.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim</jats:bold> : To examine the efficacy of antibiotic combination therapy against <jats:italic>F. varium</jats:italic> and to investigate the mucosa‐associated bacteria before and after the therapy using a new molecular approach.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods</jats:bold> : Twenty patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly assigned into the antibiotic treatment group (amoxicillin, tetracycline and metronidazole for 2 weeks) and no‐antibiotics group. Clinical assessment, colonoscopic and histological evaluations were performed at 0 and 3–5 months after the treatment. DNA from mucosal bacteria was isolated from biopsy specimens. We investigated the mucosa‐associated bacterial components by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism with the restriction enzyme <jats:italic>Hha</jats:italic>I and <jats:italic>Msp</jats:italic>I, and quantified the change in the number of bacteria by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical detection of <jats:italic>F. varium</jats:italic> in biopsy specimens was also performed.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results</jats:bold> : After the treatment, the clinical assessment, colonoscopic and histological scores improved in the antibiotic group compared with the control group. Three peaks of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism decreased after treatment only in the antibiotic group. <jats:italic>Eubacterium rectale</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dorea formicigenerans</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium clostridioforme</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. varium</jats:italic> were included in these peaks. Based on the real‐time polymerase chain reaction study, only <jats:italic>F. varium</jats:italic> was significantly reduced after treatment. In the immunostaining, post‐treatment scores in treatment group were significantly lower than that in control group.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions</jats:bold> : Antibiotics combination therapy was effective for ulcerative colitis. The number of mucosa‐associated <jats:italic>F. varium</jats:italic> significantly decreased after the treatment.</jats:p>

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