The long pentraxin PTX3 up-regulates tissue factor in activated monocytes: another link between inflammation and clotting activation

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  • Emanuela Napoleone
    “Antonio Taticchi” Unit for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud , Italy
  • Angelomaria Di Santo
    “Antonio Taticchi” Unit for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud , Italy
  • Giuseppe Peri
    Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano, Italy
  • Alberto Mantovani
    Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano, Italy
  • Giovanni de Gaetano
    Centro di Ricerche e Alta Formazione, Università Cattolica , Campobasso, Italy
  • Maria Benedetta Donati
    Centro di Ricerche e Alta Formazione, Università Cattolica , Campobasso, Italy
  • Roberto Lorenzet
    “Antonio Taticchi” Unit for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud , Italy

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), an acute-phase protein that belongs to the family of the PTXs, is found elevated in septic shock and increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction. As tissue factor (TF) plays a key role in thrombosis and inflammation associated with atherosclerosis and as we have recently reported that PTX3 increases TF synthesis in endothelial cells, we tested whether PTX3 could modulate TF expression in monocytes. Monocytes from peripheral blood of healthy donors were incubated with highly purified PTX3 with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were then disrupted, and procoagulant activity was assessed by a one-stage clotting time. PTX3 enhanced TF activity and antigen from LPS-stimulated monocytes in a dose-dependent way. The effect was specific, as other PTXs, such as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component, were ineffective. Moreover, the increase in activity was specific for LPS, as in the presence of other TF-inducing agents such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α, PTX3 was not effective. The increase in TF activity requires mRNA synthesis, as assessed by polymerase chain reaction. The mechanism by which PTX3 modulates TF synthesis resides in an enhanced IκB, α phosphorylation and degradation and increased migration of the transacting factor c-Rel/p65 into the nucleus, as determined by Western blot and electro-mobility shift assay. These results show that PTX3 is an enhancer of the expression of TF by mononuclear cells. In the area of vascular injury, during the inflammatory response, cell-mediated fibrin deposition takes place. PTX3 increases TF expression, thus potentially playing a role in thrombogenesis and wound healing.</jats:p>

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