Permeability of solutes through hydrated polymer membranes. Part I. Diffusion of sodium chloride

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Based on an analysis by the free volume theory of diffusion, a study of the diffusion coefficients, D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, the distribution coefficients, κ<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and the permeability coefficients, P, of NaCl in various hydrophilic polymers was made with the assumptions that the free volume of a polymer/diluent system is linearly proportional to the volume fraction of diluent (H), and that NaCl permeates only through polymer/diluent systems in which the diluent of polymers is also a good solvent of the solute (NaCl).</jats:p><jats:p>The values of D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (over five orders of magnitude) were found to vary exponentially with changes in 1/H, as expected from the free volume theory of diffusion, in a wide range of H‐values and converge to the value of the diffusion constant of NaCl in pure water.</jats:p><jats:p>The values of κ<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> defined by g NaCl per cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> polymer/g NaCl per cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> solution were found to be more characteristic to the type of polymers particularly at a lower range of H‐values. At higher ranges of H‐values, k<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> is nearly equal to H, however, at lower H, k<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> values deviate significantly from the value of H and its extent was found to be greatly dependent on the chemical nature of polymers, whereas the diffusion coefficient follows the normal pattern predicted by the free volume theory.</jats:p><jats:p>The values of P which are given by the product of D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and k<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> also were found to vary exponentially with changes in 1/H at higher range of H, however, at lower range of H it deviates from the relationship due to the varying dependence of factor k<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> on 1/H.</jats:p>

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