Ionic requirement for epinephrine stimulation of frog skin gland secretion

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The outer surface of isolated frog (R. pipiens) skin was observed through a dissection microscope during addition of epinephrine (2 × 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup> w/v) to the inside bathing solution. Small droplets formed at pore openings within 30 seconds; the process appeared to be complete within 1 to 2 minutes. After washing out the bathing solution and a 30 minute recovery period, the response could be repeated up to six times. The gland requires NaCl for multiple responses. Neither added Ca nor added K is required. Cs and K may replace Na but only to a minor extent. Mg, Rb and Li could not substitute for Na. Chloride is the preferred anion, and while NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> may be a partially effective substitute, I and SO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> were not.</jats:p>

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