<i>PAHB1</i> is an evolutionary conserved HD‐GL2 homeobox gene expressed in the protoderm during Norway spruce embryo development

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Summary: In angiosperms, the protoderm or outer cell layer is the first tissue to differentiate in the embryo proper. In gymnosperms, it is not known whether a protoderm is defined and similarly differentiated. Here, we report a cDNA designated <jats:italic>PaHB1</jats:italic> (for <jats:italic>Picea abies</jats:italic> Homeobox1), which is expressed during somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce. <jats:italic>PaHB1</jats:italic> exon/intron organization and its corresponding protein are highly similar to those of the HD‐GL2 angiosperm counterparts. A phylogenetic analysis reveals that <jats:italic>PaHB1</jats:italic> is strongly associated with one subclass consisting of protoderm/epiderm‐specific genes. Moreover, <jats:italic>PaHB1</jats:italic> expression switches from a ubiquitous expression in proembryogenic masses to an outer cell layer‐specific localization during somatic embryo development. Ectopic expression of <jats:italic>PaHB1</jats:italic> in somatic embryos leads to an early developmental block. The transformed embryos lack a smooth surface. These findings show that the <jats:italic>PaHB1</jats:italic> expression pattern is highly analogous to angiosperm HD‐GL2 homologues, suggesting similarities in the definition of the outer cell layer in seed plants. genesis 30:220–230, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p>

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  • genesis

    genesis 30 (4), 220-230, 2001-08

    Wiley

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