The effect of orthodontic tilting movements on the periodontal tissues of infected and non‐infected dentitions in dogs

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<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract</jats:bold> The aim of the present investigation was to study (1) whether it was possible, by orthodontic tooth movement, to shift a supragingivally located plaque into a subgingival position, and (2) periodontal tissue reactions around tilted and intruded plaque‐infected teeth.</jats:p><jats:p>The experiments were performed on five dogs which were fed a diet that allowed dental plaque accumulation. The lower third premolars (<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>P and P<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) were extracted and a phase of experimental periodontal breakdown was initiated on day 0. The periodontal pockets around the lower fourth premolars (<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>P and P<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) were eliminated on day 210. During surgery, a notch was prepared in the root at the level of the marginal alveolar bone in order to facilitate measurements in radiographs and histological sections. After 60 days of healing with plaque control, i.e. on day 270, orthodontic appliances producing tipping forces on <jats:sub>4</jats:sub>p and P<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> were inserted. From day 270 to day 450, plaque was allowed to accumulate on <jats:sub>4</jats:sub>P (test = T) while P<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (control = C) was brushed twice daily. The dogs were sacrificed on day 450. Following sacrifice, tissue sections comprising <jats:sub>4</jats:sub>P, <jats:sub>1</jats:sub>M and P<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, M<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> were produced and subjected to microscopic analysis.</jats:p><jats:p>The present investigation showed that it was possible by orthodontic tooth movement to shift a supragingivally located plaque into a subgingival position. The mesial‐apical movement of the plaque‐infected teeth resulted in the formation of infrabony pockets. In four out of five dogs the displacement of the plaque‐infected tooth resulted in an apical shift of the connective tissue attachment. When similar orthodontic forces were acting on plaque‐free teeth, the tilting movement did not result in the formation of infrabony pockets. In only two dogs did the treatment result in loss of connective tissue attachment.</jats:p>

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