The hexose transporters at the plasma membrane and the tonoplast of higher plants

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<jats:p>The uptake of hexoses in higher plant cells is thought to be catalyzed by an H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>/hexose contrasporter in the plasma membrane. Transport studies with isolated plant vacuoles indicate that, at the tonoplast, a second hexose transporter is located with properties different from the plasma membrane transporter. Recently membrane vesicles of high purity and defined orientation have been used for a more rigorous individual characterization of these two carriers. Concomitantly, a cDNA for the inducible H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>/hexose cotransporter of the green alga <jats:italic>Chlorella</jats:italic> has been sequenced and shown to exhibit homology to a group of hexose transporters (for facilitated diffusion) of other eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. With a probe derived from the <jats:italic>Chlorella</jats:italic> sequence, the first plant gene for an H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>/hexose contransporter (<jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic>) has been isolated, opening the route to molecular studies of structure, function and evolution of the hexose transporters of higher plants. The present review discusses recent work on the kinetic characterization and identification of the higher plant plasma membrane and tonoplast hexose transporters as well as their respective cellular functions. Furthermore, perspectives for future research on the plant hexose transporters are outlined.</jats:p>

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