Production of <scp>D</scp>‐Lactic Acid by Bacterial Fermentation of Rice Starch

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Summary:</jats:bold> <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐Lactic acid was synthesized by the fermentation of rice starch using microorganisms. Two species: <jats:italic>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sporolactobacillus inulinus</jats:italic> were found to be active in producing <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid of high optical purity after an intensive screening test for <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid bacteria using glucose as substrate. Rice powder used as the starch source was hydrolyzed with a combination of enzymes: <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐amylase, <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐amylase, and pullulanase to obtain rice saccharificate consisting of maltose as the main component. Its average gross yield was 82.5%. Of the discovered <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid bacteria, only <jats:italic>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</jats:italic> could ferment both maltose and the rice saccharificate. After optimizing the fermentation of the rice saccharificate using this bacterium, pilot scale fermentation was conducted to convert the rice saccharificate into <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid with a <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐content higher than 97.5% in a yield of 70%. With this yield, the total yield of <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid from brown rice was estimated to be 47%, which is almost equal to the <jats:sc>L</jats:sc>‐lactic acid yield from corn. The efficient synthesis of <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid can open a way to the large scale application of high‐melting poly(lactic acid) that is a stereocomplex of poly(<jats:sc>L</jats:sc>‐lactide) and poly(<jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactide).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type="graphic" position="anchor"><jats:caption><jats:p>Schematic representation of the production of <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid starting from brown rice as described here.</jats:p></jats:caption><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mimetype="image/gif" position="anchor" specific-use="enlarged-web-image" xlink:href="graphic/mgra001.gif"><jats:alt-text>magnified image</jats:alt-text><jats:caption><jats:p>Schematic representation of the production of <jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐lactic acid starting from brown rice as described here.</jats:p></jats:caption></jats:graphic></jats:boxed-text> </jats:p>

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