Expression of the plant cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor ICK1 affects cell division, plant growth and morphology

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<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>The plant CDK inhibitor ICK1 was identified previously from <jats:italic>Arabidopis thaliana</jats:italic> with its inhibitory activity characterized <jats:italic>in vitro.</jats:italic> ICK1 displayed several structural and functional features that are distinct from known animal CDK inhibitors. Despite the initial characterization, there is no information on the functions of any plant CDK inhibitor in plants. To gain insight into ICK1 functions <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> and the role of cell division during plant growth and development, transgenic plants were generated expressing <jats:italic>ICK1</jats:italic> driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. In comparison to control plants, growth was significantly inhibited in transgenic <jats:italic>35S‐ICK1</jats:italic> plants, with some plants weighing <10% of wild‐type plants at the 3 week stage. Most organs of <jats:italic>35S‐ICK1</jats:italic> plants were smaller. There were also modifications in plant morphology such as shape and serration of leaves and petals. The changes were so drastic that <jats:italic>35S‐ICK1</jats:italic> plants with strong phenotype no longer resembled wild‐type plants morphologically. Analyses showed that increased <jats:italic>ICK1</jats:italic> expression resulted in reduced CDK activity and reduced the number of cells in these plants. Cells in <jats:italic>35S‐ICK1</jats:italic> plants were larger than corresponding cells in control plants. These results demonstrate that ICK1 acts as a CDK inhibitor in the plant, and the inhibition of cell division by <jats:italic>ICK1</jats:italic> expression has profound effects on plant growth and development. They also suggest that alterations of plant organ shape can be achieved by restriction of cell division.</jats:p>

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