Dioecy‐induced spatial patterns of two codominant tree species, <i>Podocarpus nagi</i> and <i>Neolitsea aciculata</i>

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<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p> <jats:bold>1</jats:bold> Spatial patterns of two codominant dioecious tree species, <jats:italic>Podocarpus nagi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Neolitsea aciculata</jats:italic>, were analysed at Mt. Mikasa, Nara City, Japan. <jats:italic>Podocarpus nagi</jats:italic> has a higher shade tolerance but a narrower seed dispersal range than <jats:italic>N. aciculata.</jats:italic> We examined the effects of dioecy on regeneration and coexistence of the two species.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>2</jats:bold> Seeds of <jats:italic>P. nagi</jats:italic> are dispersed by gravity around female trees. Young plants of <jats:italic>P. nagi</jats:italic> were clumped and showed significant attraction to large female trees and significant repulsion from large male trees. Dioecy therefore affected the spatial heterogeneity of plant density in the <jats:italic>P. nagi</jats:italic> population.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>3</jats:bold> Seeds of <jats:italic>N. aciculata</jats:italic> are widely dispersed by birds, and young plants of <jats:italic>N. aciculata</jats:italic> therefore showed no significant attraction to female trees. This wide dispersal of seeds moderated the effects of dioecy on the spatial pattern in <jats:italic>N. aciculata</jats:italic>.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>4</jats:bold> Large <jats:italic>N. aciculata</jats:italic> trees were clumped and showed significant attraction to large male <jats:italic>P. nagi</jats:italic> trees, suggesting that growth of <jats:italic>N. aciculata</jats:italic> is facilitated where young <jats:italic>P. nagi</jats:italic> plants are uncommon and competition is therefore less intense.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>5</jats:bold> One effect of dioecy may be to produce a population structure for <jats:italic>P. nagi</jats:italic> that promotes its coexistence with <jats:italic>N. aciculata</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

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