Dispersal and Settlement Properties of <i>Kandelia candel</i> (Rhizophoraceae) Propagules

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<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract</jats:bold> Three different types were found in the floating pattern of <jats:italic>Kandelia candel</jats:italic> (L.) Druce propagules: horizontal‐floating type, vertical‐floating type and sinking type. These correspond to the specific gravity, which increases with flooding in sea water and the repeated exposure to air. The floating types gradually change to the sinking type. In nature, such a condition is found only under the intertidal zone of shallow lagoons where floating propagules can increase their specific gravity, lie on the mud deposits and develop their roots in contact with the muddy soil. The J‐shaped seedlings frequently found in K. canel populations in mangrove swamps might be recognized as evidence of growing up in the intertidal zone.</jats:p><jats:p>It is speculated that the horizontal‐floating propagule has a role as a drifter in the ocean and long‐distance disperser, the vertical‐floating one as a colonizer of nearby populations and the sinking one as a successor in the original habitat.</jats:p>

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