First Report of Three <i>Kudoa</i> Species from Eastern Australia: <i>Kudoa thyrsites</i> from Mahi mahi (<i>Coryphaena hippurus</i>), <i>Kudoa amamiensis</i> and <i>Kudoa minithyrsites</i> n. sp. from Sweeper (<i>Pempheris ypsilychnus</i>)

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<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT. </jats:bold> Fish species around the world are parasitized by myxozoans of the genus <jats:italic>Kudoa</jats:italic>, several of which infect and cause damage of commercial importance. In particular, <jats:italic>Kudoa thyrsites</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Kudoa amamiensis</jats:italic> infect certain cultured fish species causing damage to muscle tissue, making the fish unmarketable. <jats:italic>Kudoa thyrsites</jats:italic> has a broad host and geographic range infecting over 35 different fish species worldwide, while <jats:italic>K. amamiensis</jats:italic> has only been reported from a few species in Japanese waters. Through morphological and molecular analyses we have confirmed the presence of both of these parasites in eastern Australian waters. In addition, a novel <jats:italic>Kudoa</jats:italic> species was identified, having stellate spores, with one polar capsule larger than the other three. The SSU rDNA sequence of this parasite was 1.5% different from <jats:italic>K. thyrsites</jats:italic> and is an outlier from <jats:italic>K. thyrsites</jats:italic> representatives in a phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the spores of this parasite are distinctly smaller than those of <jats:italic>K. thyrsites</jats:italic>, and thus it is described as <jats:italic>Kudoa minithyrsites</jats:italic> n. sp. Although the potential effects of <jats:italic>K. minithyrsites</jats:italic> n. sp. on its fish hosts are unknown, both <jats:italic>K. thyrsites</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>K. amamiensis</jats:italic> are associated with flesh quality problems in some cultured species and may be potential threats to an expanding aquaculture industry in Australia.</jats:p>

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