Molecular Characterization of Novel Red Green Nonsulfur Bacteria from Five Distinct Hot Spring Communities in Yellowstone National Park

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  • Sarah M. Boomer
    Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, Oregon 97361
  • Daniel P. Lodge
    Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, Oregon 97361
  • Bryan E. Dutton
    Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, Oregon 97361
  • Beverly Pierson
    Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98406

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> We characterized and compared five geographically isolated hot springs with distinct red-layer communities in Yellowstone National Park. Individual red-layer communities were observed to thrive in temperatures ranging from 35 to 60°C and at pH 7 to 9. All communities were dominated by red filamentous bacteria and contained bacteriochlorophyll <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> (Bchl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> ), suggesting that they represented novel green nonsulfur (GNS) bacteria. The in vivo absorption spectra of individual sites were different, with two sites showing unusual Bchl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> protein absorption bands beyond 900 nm. We prepared and analyzed 16S rRNA libraries from all of these sites by using a combination of general bacterial primers and new GNS-specific primers described here. These studies confirmed the presence of novel GNS-like bacteria in all five communities. All GNS-like clones were most similar to <jats:italic>Roseiflexus castenholzii</jats:italic> , a red filamentous bacterium from Japan that also contains only Bchl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> . Phylogenies constructed by using GNS-like clones from Yellowstone red-layer communities suggest the presence of a moderately diverse new “red” cluster within the GNS lineage. Within this cluster, at least two well-supported subclusters emerged: YRL-A was most similar to <jats:italic>Roseiflexus</jats:italic> and YRL-B appeared to be novel, containing no known isolates. While these patterns showed some site specificity, they did not correlate with observed Bchl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> spectrum differences or obvious features of the habitat. </jats:p>

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