THE OXIDATIVE BURST IN PLANT DISEASE RESISTANCE

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  • Chris Lamb
    Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
  • Richard A. Dixon
    Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037

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<jats:p> ▪ Abstract  Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> is a characteristic early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence signals. Emerging data indicate that the oxidative burst reflects activation of a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase closely resembling that operating in activated neutrophils. The oxidants are not only direct protective agents, but H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> also functions as a substrate for oxidative cross-linking in the cell wall, as a threshold trigger for hypersensitive cell death, and as a diffusible signal for induction of cellular protectant genes in surrounding cells. Activation of the oxidative burst is a central component of a highly amplified and integrated signal system, also involving salicylic acid and perturbations of cytosolic Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>, which underlies the expression of disease-resistance mechanisms. </jats:p>

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