THE GENERATION OF Ca<sup>2+</sup> SIGNALS IN PLANTS

  • Alistair M. Hetherington
    Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Center, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom;
  • Colin Brownlee
    Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom;

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<jats:p> ▪ Abstract  The calcium ion is firmly established as a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger in plants. At their simplest, Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-based signaling systems are composed of a receptor, a system for generating the increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub>, downstream components that are capable of reacting to the increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub>, and other cellular systems responsible for returning [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub> to its prestimulus level. Here we review the various mechanisms responsible for generating the stimulus-induced increases in [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub> known as Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> signals. We focus particularly on the mechanisms responsible for generating [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub> oscillations and transients and use Nod Factor signaling in legume root hairs and stimulus-response coupling in guard cells to assess the physiological significance of these classes of Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> signals. </jats:p>

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