都市気温の分布と風との関係についての一考察

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タイトル別名
  • A CONTRIBUTION TO THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTION OF AIR TEMPERATURE AND THE WIND IN AN URBAN AREA
  • トシ キオン ノ ブンプ ト カゼ ト ノ カンケイ ニ ツイテ ノ イチ コウサツ

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In general, the air temperature in an urban area is higher than in its suburbs. This fact has been confirmed by several investigations. Today, many studies are conducted to solve the reasons why an urban area is warmer than its surroundings. As a step to clarify this problem, it is necessary to study the relationships between the distribution of air temperature and several conditions, for example, weather, condition of the earth surface, the urban structure, and so on. Among these conditions, the wind seems to vary the distribution patterns of air temperature in an urban area. The author describes the relationships between the distribution of temperature and the wind (especially the horizontal air flow) in this paper as quantitatively as possible. Data used for this analysis are from climatic observations in Kumagaya City, situated in the Kanto plain. The observations were repeated from September, 1956 to March, 1957, by the Research Croup for City Climate in Japan. Air temperature was observed by the thermistor electric thermometer which was installed on the front bumper of a car. Observation points were distributed on two lines (Fig. 1) One is Nakasendô (Highway No. 17) running through thee urban area longitudinally (from ESE to WNW), and the other is a road crossing Nakasendo (from NNE to SSW). Thus 36 sections of temperature distribution were obtained in Kumagaya City for each distribution (Figs. 2 and 3). Some similarities of pattern are shown between these sections. The author devided these sections into several groups based on the similarities of section patterns. This grouping was made by using “correlation by rank method” in order to obtain more objective results. Thus 21 sections among the 36 were grouped into 4 groups for longitudinal sections of temperature distribution, and 25 sections among the 36 were grouped into 5 groups for cross sections. The patterns of these groups have different features, for example, the points of highest or lowest temperature differ. These differences in the patterns of distribution seem to occur partly with different wind conditions. So the author collected data for the average wind speed and the prevailed wind direction for each observation. From these data, the ESE-WNW and NNE-SSW components (VESE and VNNE) of the wind were calculated respectively and averaged for each group (VESE and VNNE). Next, he tested the significance of the difference of VESE for each group by “the variance analysis method” As a result, it was clarified that the differences of mean values of VESE for each group (VESE) were significant at the 1% level. The same result was obtained for the VNNE.<br> Considering the facts above mentioned, maps of temperature distribution in several wind conditions were drawn. (Fig. 4.). Marked differences in the distribution pattern according to wind conditions are also recognized. From these studies, the following facts may be pointed out:<br> (1) The distribution patterns of air temperature in an urban area are affected by advection.<br> (2) To some extent, the actual states of temperature distribution in an urban area are made clear by the longitudinal and cross sectional observation methods.

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  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 38 (2), 92-102, 1965

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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