八郎潟中央干拓地(大潟村)における営農とその問題点

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • FARMING AND ITS PROBLEMS IN THE CENTRAL RECLAIMED LANDS (OGATA-MURA) OF HACHIRO-GATA
  • ハチロウガタ チュウオウ カンタクチ オオガタムラ ニ オケル エイノウ ト ソノ モンダイテン

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抄録

Ogata Village (Hachiro-gata Reclamation Centre completed in 1966) is meant for a model farming village with new management of high productivity and income. In order to create this modernized farming community more than ¥41, 000, 000, 000 was invested out of the national budget since 1957 when the reclamation began. Naturally it is observed with keen interest as a first case of this sort in Japan. At present 143 houses publicly subscribed throughout the country (first plantation 57 houses, the second 86) have joined the community, the third being (182 settlers) under discipline. The new settlers manage about 10 ha of rice field per house by home labour, and direct sowing is generally expected by the help of big farming machines shared with others.<br> The first settlers began work last year (1968). The characteristics and some problems in their farming are as follows;<br> 1) 57 houses are divided into two groups with proportion A:B=7:5.<br> A Group: a complete co-operation in management offered with the even distribution of the harvest.<br> B Group: Only the use of machines is shared and naturally the harvests different.<br> A group system was considered more desirable at first, but it did not outnumber B, not much at least as you see. This year very few houses will belong to A group.<br> The reasons are:<br> a) The labour powers of houses are different from each other in quality as well as in quantity.<br> b) Co-operation has a tendency to put restraints upon private life as well.<br> c) Settlers have a natural tendency to divide in their opinions even about the rice cultivation.<br> d) And that the harvest last year of B group surpassed that of A group.<br> 2) At the end of May the proportion of planted fields (480 ha) is, direct sowing 62.8%, transplanting 37.2% (hand-transplanting 25.4%). This big percentage of hand-transplanting shows the settlers' anxiety about the first crop and confidence in the traditional old method. Now the sprouting and growth of the field of direct sowing (301 ha) was remarkably bad owing to the unstable condition of the soil, the unseasonableness in the sprouting period, the technical lnproficlency of direct sowing in the region. Thus about 100 ha had to be replanted. So at the end of June transplanting came to 57.9% (of which 47% is by hand) and direct sowing reduced to 42.1%. The principle of direct sowing of the village is thus fell back greatly.<br> 3) At the end of the last year Hachiro-gata new Community Corporation (an institute to guide farming and community building of Ogata Village) reported the average rice harvest was 368.5kg per 10 a in case of transplantation and 281.4kg in case of direct sowing. The report naturally increased the apprehension of settlers against direct sowing. On the part of the corporation, direct sowing is principle and in the process of transplantation machine power, not man power, is the rule. This is one of the issues hotly discussed among people in the community.

収録刊行物

  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 42 (11), 713-718, 1969

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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