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  • Mechanism of Acupuncture Analgesia
  • シン マスイ ノ キジョ トクベツ コウエン

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Acupuncture is essentially a low frequency repetitive stimulus that produces analgesia similar to that produced by morphine.<br>While searching for explanations of the ability of acupuncture to allay pain, a region of the brain has been found in which many of the neurons react similarly to acupuncture and morphine analgesia.<br>The region of the brain which we are discussing is part of junction between the spinal cord and brain and is known as the periaqueduct central gray (PAG). Much of the brains communication with the rest of the body either passes through or originates in the PAG, including the descending pain inhibitory system (DIS). The DIS reacts to morphine and to a rather recently discovered material which is produced in the brain and which is known simply as endogenous morphine like factor (MLF) because of its morphine like effects. About half of the animals which were tested, responded to acupuncture by not escaping from a painful stimulus before it was very intense. It is interesting that these animals have higher total brain content of MLF than the animals which did not respond to acupuncture. A prominent feature of acupuncture analgesia is its persistence long after stimulation has ceased. Depending on the period of stimulation, this can last for long time, and is attributed to the MLF which is produced during the acupuncture stimulation.<br>Some neurons in the PAG change their activity rates when analgesia is produced by either morphine or acupuncture. The activity changes coincide in time with the appearent analgesia. The analgesia produced by either morphine or acupuncture is antagonized by a drug known as naloxone. This drug also abolishes the neuron responses associated with the analgesia. The analgesia caused by acupuncture or 0.5 mg/Kg of morphine can also be abolished by simply inserting an 0.5 mm diameter electrode into the PAG. However, if such an electrode is pulsed electrically, an even greater degree of analgesia can be produced depending on the pulse intensity.<br>A second region of the brain, the caudate nucleus also has some relation to analgesia. The complete relation is not yet known, but destruction of a part of this nucleus, or just insertion of needle into that part (as in the PAG) will abolish both morphine and acupuncture analgesia and reduce PAG-stimulation produced analgesia.

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