虚構概念の哲学的分析 : 予備的な考察

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  • Philosophical Analysis of the Concept of Fiction : Preliminary Considerations
  • キョコウ ガイネン ノ テツガクテキ ブンセキ : ヨビテキ ナ コウサツ

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The subject matter of this paper is the concept of fiction (as opposed to that of non-fiction) as far as it appears in the context of literature, drama, and other kinds of artworks.　This paper divides roughly into two parts. In the first part (sections 2 and 3), I criticize theories which characterize fictionality in terms of syntactic and/or semantic properties of the works themselves. I argue, among other things, that they ignore the fact that the marks by which we fecognize fiction are not necessarily the properties intrinsic to the work in question. In the second part (sections 4 to 7), I criticize theories which characterize fictionality in terms of the way the work is presented. One such theory is the so-called 'non-assertion theory', which characterize fictional works as those which are not presented as the vehicle of assertion by the author. I argue that this theory is basically　correct but completely insufficient as an analysis of the concept of fiction. Another influential theory which is subsumed under the same category is the so-called 'pretense theory'. I argue that the same kind of pretense that figure in fictional works can also figure in non-ictional works, so the concept of pretense is not appropriate for the elucidation of the concept of fiction. I alsoargue that the concept of pretense is insufficiently comprehensive to cover various kinds of artworks ．　In the last section (section 8), I make a brief summary of this paper and draw up the agenda for the theory of fiction. I suggest that the appropriate theory of fiction must both attend to the role of fictional works to prescribe imagination on the part of audiences, and seek to find more comprehensive concept than 'pretense' to cover all kinds of fictional works.

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