植民地期における朝鮮奨学会に関する一考察

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • A Study of the Chousen Shougakukai in Korea, 1941-1945
  • ショクミンチキ ニ オケル チョウセン ショウガクカイ ニ カンスル イチ コウサツ

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抄録

More than ten thousand Korean students were enrolled in Japanese institutions of higher education between 1930 and 1945; however their actual experiences have not been sufficiently investigated. Similarly, further research is necessary regarding Chousen Shougakukai, an organization established to supervise Korean students in Japan. Chousen Shougakukai served to strengthen the wartime Japanese regime, and was a milestone that symbolized the change in Japanese education policies concerning Korean people and Korean students in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to show the significance of Chousen Shougakukai and its implications regarding Japanese Government and Korean Government-General's policies controlling Korean students and their intentions. This will be done by analyzing the establishment, structure, and content of Chousen Shougakukai and its activities. Until now earlier studies on Korean students in prewar Japan dealt with the Meiji to early Showa periods because more recent historical documents had not yet been released by the Japanese government, so studies on Korean students in wartime could not progress. The Myougadani Collection held by the Diplomatic Record Office of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, released to the public in 2001, now makes it possible to study Chousen Shougakukai. At the beginning of Japanese rule of Korea, the Government-General's two primary higher educational policies were : 1. It was not necessary to provide Korean students with higher education ; 2. The Government-General was to supervise Korean nationals enrolled in Japanese higher education. But in the period between the China war and the Pacific War, it became necessary for the Japanese Government and the Korean Government-General to establish an organization that supervised increasing numbers of Korean students generated by a new policy of integrating Korea with Japan. They intended to gain the allegiance of Japanese-educated Koreans who would become the elites placed to lead the Korean people, thus increasing the strategic importance placed upon Korean students by Japanese imperialists. For this reason, Chousen Shougakukai was established in 1941 to supervise Korean students in Tokyo. Its primary objectives were to provide guidance for entering higher education, provide assistance in their daily lives, and guidance for employment. While the purposes of Chousen Shougakukai was the supervision of Korean students, it also worked toward the abolition of the discrimination of Korean students and to alleviate their dissatisfaction. Chousen Shougakukai requested the cooperation of higher educational institutions and concerned government offices in Japan, as well as local governments and schools in Korea, in order to control the admission process of schools in Japan. Because of this, Japanese higher education institutions were no longer able to make independent decisions on Korean student enrollment. Even after Korean students were placed in Japanese higher education institutions, the Chousen Shougakukai oversaw their daily lives. In short, Chousen Shougakukai was established in order to assimilate Korean students into Japanese society, and at the same time it fought against discrimination of Korean students. It was the organization that symbolized the intentions of both the Japanese Government and the Korean Government-General to integrate Korea into the Japanese war regime.

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