複製芸術としてのマンガ : 視覚メディアにおけるキャラ表現の考察

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  • フクセイ ゲイジュツ トシテ ノ マンガ シカク メディア ニオケル キャラ ヒョウゲン ノ コウサツ
  • An Analysis of Manga as an Art of Simulation or a Study of Kyara Expression in Visual Media

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The essence of manga are the lines. Drawing lines, or lines drawn, inevitably involves both symbolism and imagism. Manga is an art of simulation. Drawing manga is not a representation imitating reality. It is a creative activity portraying another reality which can/could be a counterpart to a real reality. It was Walter Benjamin that thought an artwork had been had maximal worth of worship, called an aura, for its singleness, however after the invention of photography in 19th century, artworks has been had maximal worth of exhibition, what I want to call another aura, for its plurality. He admired cinematography as a montage of photos. Its plurality expresses motion. It is an aura that cinematography has. Manga is an art of time employing technology of reproduction as well as cinematography is. In 1827, Rodolphe Töpffer drew an original comic-strip. He thought that the essence of manga is a series of dual reproduction. It is reproductions based on a mechanism named autography, also based on a manual mechanism named simple drawing. He thought that permutations and combinations of types of facial parts make his characters have various personalities and feelings. A kyara in manga, is a double symbolic image. It is drawn by symbolic lines, composed by typical signs. We can reproduce kyaras limitlessly by our hands. In a single text, different (/a various of) kyaras propagate syntaxly. We regard them as motion in separated frames. We can reproduce kyaras limitlessly by technology. Across some texts, kyaras propagate paradigmatically. We can observe them in printing and binding products. Both are results by reproduction, while both are same essentially facilitate the same effect in kyara-representation. In case that kyaras cross other media, they are all reproduction. A kyara has high symbolism by its typification. It contributes largely to reproducing and pluralising itself. However, even though a kyara is single, it can be entirely appraised by its potential plurality: aura.

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