山村における棚田維持の背景―長野県中条村大西地区を事例として―

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  • The Background of Maintaining Terraced Paddy Fields in Mountain Villages: A Case Study of Ohnishi District, Nakajyo Village, Nagano Prefecture
  • サンソン ニ オケル タナダ イジ ノ ハイケイ ナガノケン ナカジョウムラ オオニシ チク オ ジレイ ト シテ

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<p>Since the 1990s, the number of conservation activities directed at terrace paddy fields has increased at the national level, but these activities are unevenly distributed. Until now, no conservation activities have been carried out in one part of Tanada hyakusen, one of the most remarkable terrace paddy field projects in Japan. This paper aims to explain the background of maintaining terrace paddy fields in areas where conservation activities are standings. The changing multiple livelihoods of farmers and the current status of terrace paddy fields’ ownership programs were systematically analyzed.</p><p>The area chosen for study is Ohnishi district in Nakajyo village, Nagano prefecture. This area is located in the mountains where Tanada-hyakusen project was implemented. Many houses have been built on the gentle slope. The steep slope is used for upland agriculture, while the gentle slope along the mountain streams and valleys is used for terrace paddy fields.</p><p>The ongoing subsistence agriculture and small-scale production of rice farming on terraces was observed. Upland farming was characterized as commercial agriculture, which had declined after the 1960s, and many farmers, particularly man obtained non-agricultural jobs. As a result, upland farming was not able to keep up with the mechanizations of agriculture. On the other hand, the economic role of rice farming has been unsatisfactory as a result of which rice farming was not considered to be a productive occupation. In addition, rice farming has adjusted to the mechanizations of agriculture, and these factors have enabled to cultivation with a few labors. As a result, the rice farming has been continued through unpaid female labor.</p><p>These factors contributed to the continuation of cultivation on terrace paddy fields. There has been a steady annual increase in the conservation for terrace paddy fields; in contrast, study area’s conservation activities have declined. As a result, part of the paddy field in Ohnishi district is lying uncultivated, and the ridges are covered with overgrown weed. Furthermore, the preservation activities undertaken for the terrace paddy fields of Ohnishi differed from the preservation activities undertaken at the national level.</p>

収録刊行物

  • 人文地理

    人文地理 63 (2), 149-164, 2011

    一般社団法人 人文地理学会

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