Soil Organic Matter Storage in the Tropical Forests of Borneo : Pedogenic Controls and Ecological Implications

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  • Soil Organic Matter Storage in the Tropical Forests of Borneo:
  • Pedogenic Controls and Ecological Implications

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<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an essential role in the structure and functions of soils as well as nutrient cycling in plant-soil-microbe systems and in the global carbon cycle. Thus, a better understanding of the direct and indirect factors that control SOM properties, and the links between these factors and other ecological processes, is essential for ecosystem management such as mitigation against and rehabilitation of land suffering degradation. We summarize studies that have examined the influence of two of the soil formation factors (climate and parent material) on SOM and soil microbial community composition in the pristine tropical rainforests on the slope of Mount Kinabalu in northeastern Borneo. Here, an emphasis is placed on the ecological links among plants, soils, and microbes. Two sets of sites were established on contrasting parent materials (silicious metasedimentary rock and phosphorus-depleted ultrabasic igneous rock) along a strong altitudinal gradient (700 m to 2700 m), where mean annual temperatures decreased with height from 24 to 12 °C and the rainfall was roughly constant. Across these sites, we showed that the two pedogenic factors have a strong influence on (i) SOM storage in surface horizons and its partitioning between low-density fraction dominated by plant detritus and high-density fraction rich in microbially-processed OM that is strongly associated with the mineral particles, (ii) the relative importance of SOM stabilization mechanisms, and (iii) the soil microbial community structure by using phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers. As a tentative synthesis, we propose a conceptual diagram linking the direct factors controlling SOM, the plant community, and the microbial community with the two pedogenic factors. Finally, we conclude that pedogenic factors provide a useful framework for the understanding of plant–soil–microbe interactions as well as soil formation itself and for the development of better land management strategies.</p>

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