Application of LDH-Release Assay to Cellular-Level Evaluation of the Toxic Potential of Harmful Algal Species

  • ZOU Yanan
    Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University
  • KIM Daekyung
    Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)
  • YAGI Motoaki
    Joint Research Division, Center for Industry, University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University
  • YAMASAKI Yasuhiro
    Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University
  • KURITA Jun
    National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency
  • IIDA Takaji
    National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency
  • MATSUYAMA Yukihiko
    Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute
  • YAMAGUCHI Kenichi
    Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University
  • ODA Tatsuya
    Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University

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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-release assay was applied to estimate the toxic potential of harmful algal species at the cellular level. African green monkey kidney (Vero), yellowtail fin epithelia (MJF), and rainbow trout gill (RTgill-W1) cells were used as target cells. A live cell suspension of Karenia mikimotoi (SUO-1) induced the release of LDH from these cell lines, while the activity of another strain, FUK, was much lower. The cell-free culture supernatants and ruptured cell suspensions of both strains of K. mikimotoi were less effective on LDH-release assay. Exposure experiments against abalone and shrimp revealed that SUO-1 showed much stronger lethal effects on these organisms than FUK. Among six phytoplankton species, three species known to be harmful algal species induced the release of LDH to different extents depending on the cell line, whereas the other three species, known to be non-toxic, showed no effects on any cell lines. These results suggest that LDH-release assay is a useful micro-plate assay for estimation of the toxic potential of harmful phytoplankton.

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