2,5‐hexanedione induced apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reactive oxygen species

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  • Liu Shuang
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University
  • Chen Feng
    Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University
  • Wang Longjuan
    Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University
  • Sun Wenchang
    Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University
  • Liu Qigui
    School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University
  • Chen Haibo
    Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University
  • Su Dan
    Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University
  • Jiang Yue
    Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University
  • Piao Fengyuan
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University
  • Sun Xiance
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University
  • Sun Wenfang
    Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University

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  • 2,5-hexanedione induced apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reactive oxygen species

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Objectives: n-Hexane, a common industrial organic solvent, causes multiple organ damage, especially neurotoxicity, which is proved to be caused by its metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD). We previously showed that 2,5-HD induced apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In the current study, we explored the mechanism of 2,5-HD-induced apoptosis, especially the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods: Intracellular ROS levels after 2,5-HD treatment were measured by the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method, and the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was used to scavenge ROS. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and caspase-3 activity were measured after 2,5-HD exposure with or without NAC pretreatment. Results: In rat BMSCs, 20 mM 2,5-HD significantly increased ROS levels and apoptosis. In addition, MMP activity was decreased and caspase-3 activity was increased. With NAC pretreatment, ROS increases were prevented, cells were rescued from apoptosis, and both MMP and caspase-3 activity returned to normal levels. Western blotting analysis of malondialdehyde-modified proteins and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 showed that after 2,5-HD exposure, BMSCs had oxidative damage and abnormal SOD1 expression. These returned to normal when cells were pretreated with NAC in addition to 20 mM 2,5-HD. Furthermore, the expressions of NF-κB p65/RelA and phospho-NF-κB p65/RelA (Ser536) were suppressed after 2,5-HD exposure and restored by NAC pretreatment. Conclusions: 2,5-HD-induced apoptosis in rat BMSCs is potentially mediated by excessive ROS production.

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