バイオマスリファイナリーに向けたリグニンの代謝工学

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  • 梅澤 俊明
    京都大学生存圏研究所 京都大学グローバル生存基盤展開ユニット

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タイトル別名
  • Lignin Metabolic Engineering for Biomass Refinery
  • バイオマスリファイナリー ニ ムケタ リグニン ノ タイシャ コウガク

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<p>Chemical utilization of lignocellulose biomass have mainly focused on polysaccharide such as pulping and bioethanol fermentation. Because lignin encrusts lignocellulose polysaccharides, it has been considered an obstacle for the efficient use of polysaccharides during processes. Hence, many studies to produce transgenic plants with reduced lignin contents have been conducted, leading to more efficient utilization of polysaccharides by enzymatic saccharification and forage digestion. However, lignin is also an important potential feedstock for aromatic products and an important fuel by direct burning of lignocellulose. Though huge amounts of lignins are being used as fuel in pulp and paper mills, high-value added utilization of lignins has not yet been widely implemented. The complicated structures of lignin along with its occlusion into polysaccharides makes lignin utilization intractable. To mitigate these difficulties, simplification of the lignin structure as well as increasing lignin amounts are important breeding objectives for future and high-value added utilization of lignins. In the present review, upregulation of lignin biosynthesis and structural modifications of lignins by metabolic engineering are outlined in relation to its active utilization. These strategies are also applicable to lignin upregulation in large-sized grass biomass plants.</p>

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