The impact of meal timing on performance, sleepiness, gastric upset, and hunger during simulated night shift

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  • GRANT Crystal Leigh
    Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Australia
  • DORRIAN Jillian
    Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Australia
  • COATES Alison Maree
    Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Australia
  • PAJCIN Maja
    School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
  • KENNAWAY David John
    Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
  • WITTERT Gary Allen
    Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
  • HEILBRONN Leonie Kaye
    Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
  • VEDOVA Chris DELLA
    School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
  • GUPTA Charlotte Cecilia
    Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Australia
  • BANKS Siobhan
    Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Australia

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<p>This study examined the impact of eating during simulated night shift on performance and subjective complaints. Subjects were randomized to eating at night (n=5; 23.2 ± 5.5 y) or not eating at night (n=5; 26.2 ± 6.4 y). All participants were given one sleep opportunity of 8 h (22:00 h-06:00 h) before transitioning to the night shift protocol. During the four days of simulated night shift participants were awake from 16:00 h-10:00 h with a daytime sleep of 6 h (10:00 h-16:00 h). In the simulated night shift protocol, meals were provided at ≈0700 h, 1900 h and 0130 h (eating at night); or ≈0700 h, 0930 h, 1410 h and 1900 h (not eating at night). Subjects completed sleepiness, hunger and gastric complaint scales, a Digit Symbol Substitution Task and a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Increased sleepiness and performance impairment was evident in both conditions at 0400 h (p<0.05). Performance impairment at 0400 h was exacerbated when eating at night. Not eating at night was associated with elevated hunger and a small but significant elevation in stomach upset across the night (p<0.026). Eating at night was associated with elevated bloating on night one, which decreased across the protocol. Restricting food intake may limit performance impairments at night. Dietary recommendations to improve night-shift performance must also consider worker comfort.</p>

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