Genome sequence of an industrial microorganism <i>Streptomyces avermitilis</i> : Deducing the ability of producing secondary metabolites

  • Satoshi Ōmura
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Haruo Ikeda
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Jun Ishikawa
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Akiharu Hanamoto
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Chigusa Takahashi
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Mayumi Shinose
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Yoko Takahashi
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Hiroshi Horikawa
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Hidekazu Nakazawa
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Tomomi Osonoe
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Hisashi Kikuchi
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Tadayoshi Shiba
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Yoshiyuki Sakaki
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...
  • Masahira Hattori
    The Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan; School of Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and The Institute of...

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タイトル別名
  • Genome sequence of an industrial microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis: deducing the ability of producing secondary metabolites.

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<jats:p> <jats:italic>Streptomyces avermitilis</jats:italic> is a soil bacterium that carries out not only a complex morphological differentiation but also the production of secondary metabolites, one of which, avermectin, is commercially important in human and veterinary medicine. The major interest in this genus <jats:italic>Streptomyces</jats:italic> is the diversity of its production of secondary metabolites as an industrial microorganism. A major factor in its prominence as a producer of the variety of secondary metabolites is its possession of several metabolic pathways for biosynthesis. Here we report sequence analysis of <jats:italic>S. avermitilis</jats:italic> , covering 99% of its genome. At least 8.7 million base pairs exist in the linear chromosome; this is the largest bacterial genome sequence, and it provides insights into the intrinsic diversity of the production of the secondary metabolites of <jats:italic>Streptomyces</jats:italic> . Twenty-five kinds of secondary metabolite gene clusters were found in the genome of <jats:italic>S. avermitilis</jats:italic> . Four of them are concerned with the biosyntheses of melanin pigments, in which two clusters encode tyrosinase and its cofactor, another two encode an ochronotic pigment derived from homogentiginic acid, and another polyketide-derived melanin. The gene clusters for carotenoid and siderophore biosyntheses are composed of seven and five genes, respectively. There are eight kinds of gene clusters for type-I polyketide compound biosyntheses, and two clusters are involved in the biosyntheses of type-II polyketide-derived compounds. Furthermore, a polyketide synthase that resembles phloroglucinol synthase was detected. Eight clusters are involved in the biosyntheses of peptide compounds that are synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. These secondary metabolite clusters are widely located in the genome but half of them are near both ends of the genome. The total length of these clusters occupies about 6.4% of the genome. </jats:p>

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