Osmoregulation and Fungicide Resistance: the <i>Neurospora crassa os-2</i> Gene Encodes a <i>HOG1</i> Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Homologue

DOI Web Site 被引用文献16件
  • Yan Zhang
    Syngenta Agribusiness Biotechnology Research Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
  • Randy Lamm
    Syngenta Agribusiness Biotechnology Research Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
  • Christian Pillonel
    Syngenta Agribusiness Biotechnology Research Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
  • Stephen Lam
    Syngenta Agribusiness Biotechnology Research Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
  • Jin-Rong Xu
    Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Neurospora crassa</jats:italic> osmosensitive ( <jats:italic>os</jats:italic> ) mutants are sensitive to high osmolarity and therefore are unable to grow on medium containing 4% NaCl. We found that <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>os</jats:italic> - <jats:italic>5</jats:italic> mutants were resistant to the phenylpyrrole fungicides fludioxonil and fenpiclonil. To understand the relationship between osmoregulation and fungicide resistance, we cloned the <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> gene by using sib selection. <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> encodes a putative mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase homologous to <jats:italic>HOG1</jats:italic> and can complement the osmosensitive phenotype of a <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae hog1</jats:italic> mutant. We sequenced three <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> alleles and found that all of them were null with either frameshift or nonsense point mutations. An <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> gene replacement mutant also was generated and was sensitive to high osmolarity and resistant to phenylpyrrole fungicides. Conversely, <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> mutants transformed with the wild-type <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> gene could grow on media containing 4% NaCl and were sensitive to phenylpyrrole fungicides. Fludioxonil stimulated intracellular glycerol accumulation in wild-type strains but not in <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> mutants. Fludioxonil also caused wild-type conidia and hyphal cells to swell and burst. These results suggest that the hyperosmotic stress response pathway of <jats:italic>N. crassa</jats:italic> is the target of phenylpyrrole fungicides and that fungicidal effects may result from a hyperactive <jats:italic>os-2</jats:italic> MAP kinase pathway. </jats:p>

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