Adoptive T cell therapy using antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell clones for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma:<i>In vivo</i>persistence, migration, and antitumor effect of transferred T cells

  • C. Yee
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905
  • J. A. Thompson
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905
  • D. Byrd
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905
  • S. R. Riddell
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905
  • P. Roche
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905
  • E. Celis
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905
  • P. D. Greenberg
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905

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<jats:p>Adoptive T cell therapy, involving the<jats:italic>ex vivo</jats:italic>selection and expansion of antigen-specific T cell clones, provides a means of augmenting antigen-specific immunity without the<jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>constraints that can accompany vaccine-based strategies. A phase I study was performed to evaluate the safety,<jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>persistence, and efficacy of adoptively transferred CD8<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>T cell clones targeting the tumor-associated antigens, MART1/MelanA and gp100 for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Four infusions of autologous T cell clones were administered, the first without IL-2 and subsequent infusions with low-dose IL-2 (at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 × 10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup>units/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>twice daily for the second, third, and fourth infusions, respectively). Forty-three infusions of MART1/MelanA-specific or gp100-specific CD8<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>T cell clones were administered to 10 patients. No serious toxicity was observed. We demonstrate that the adoptively transferred T cell clones persist<jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>in response to low-dose IL-2, preferentially localize to tumor sites and mediate an antigen-specific immune response characterized by the elimination of antigen-positive tumor cells, regression of individual metastases, and minor, mixed or stable responses in 8 of 10 patients with refractory, metastatic disease for up to 21 mo.</jats:p>

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