The Draft Genome of <i>Ciona intestinalis</i> : Insights into Chordate and Vertebrate Origins

  • Paramvir Dehal
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Yutaka Satou
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Robert K. Campbell
    Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
  • Jarrod Chapman
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Bernard Degnan
    Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
  • Anthony De Tomaso
    Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 93950, USA.
  • Brad Davidson
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, 401 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
  • Anna Di Gregorio
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, 401 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
  • Maarten Gelpke
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • David M. Goodstein
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Naoe Harafuji
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, 401 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
  • Kenneth E. M. Hastings
    Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2T5, Canada.
  • Isaac Ho
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Kohji Hotta
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Wayne Huang
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Takeshi Kawashima
    Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto Univeristy, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
  • Patrick Lemaire
    LGPD, IBDM, Case 907, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
  • Diego Martinez
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Ian A. Meinertzhagen
    Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada.
  • Simona Necula
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Masaru Nonaka
    Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  • Nik Putnam
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Sam Rash
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Hidetoshi Saiga
    Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
  • Masanobu Satake
    Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
  • Astrid Terry
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Lixy Yamada
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Hong-Gang Wang
    Drug Discovery Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
  • Satoko Awazu
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Kaoru Azumi
    Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
  • Jeffrey Boore
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Margherita Branno
    Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn,” Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
  • Stephen Chin-bow
    IBM Watson Research Center, Post Office Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.
  • Rosaria DeSantis
    Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn,” Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
  • Sharon Doyle
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Pilar Francino
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • David N. Keys
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Shinobu Haga
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Hiroko Hayashi
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Kyosuke Hino
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Kaoru S. Imai
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Kazuo Inaba
    Asamushi Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan.
  • Shungo Kano
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Kenji Kobayashi
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Mari Kobayashi
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Byung-In Lee
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Kazuhiro W. Makabe
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Chitra Manohar
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Giorgio Matassi
    Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn,” Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
  • Monica Medina
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Yasuaki Mochizuki
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Steve Mount
    University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
  • Tomomi Morishita
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Sachiko Miura
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Akie Nakayama
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Satoko Nishizaka
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Hisayo Nomoto
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Fumiko Ohta
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Kazuko Oishi
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Isidore Rigoutsos
    IBM Watson Research Center, Post Office Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.
  • Masako Sano
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Akane Sasaki
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Yasunori Sasakura
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Eiichi Shoguchi
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Tadasu Shin-i
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Antoinetta Spagnuolo
    Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn,” Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
  • Didier Stainier
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
  • Miho M. Suzuki
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
  • Olivier Tassy
    LGPD, IBDM, Case 907, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
  • Naohito Takatori
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Miki Tokuoka
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Kasumi Yagi
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Fumiko Yoshizaki
    Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  • Shuichi Wada
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Cindy Zhang
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • P. Douglas Hyatt
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Post Office Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
  • Frank Larimer
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Post Office Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
  • Chris Detter
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Norman Doggett
    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
  • Tijana Glavina
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Trevor Hawkins
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Paul Richardson
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Susan Lucas
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
  • Yuji Kohara
    National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
  • Michael Levine
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, 401 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
  • Nori Satoh
    Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  • Daniel S. Rokhsar
    U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.

抄録

<jats:p> The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, <jats:italic>Ciona intestinalis</jats:italic> . The <jats:italic>Ciona</jats:italic> genome contains ∼16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in <jats:italic>Ciona</jats:italic> , suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi. </jats:p>

収録刊行物

  • Science

    Science 298 (5601), 2157-2167, 2002-12-13

    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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