Evidence for direct carotenoid involvement in the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting

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  • Ying-Zhong Ma
    Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102
  • Nancy E. Holt
    Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102
  • Xiao-Ping Li
    Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102
  • Krishna K. Niyogi
    Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102
  • Graham R. Fleming
    Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102

抄録

<jats:p> Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) refers to a process that regulates photosynthetic light harvesting in plants as a response to changes in incident light intensity. By dissipating excess excitation energy of chlorophyll molecules as heat, NPQ balances the input and utilization of light energy in photosynthesis and protects the plant against photooxidative damage. To understand the physical mechanism of NPQ, we have performed femtosecond transient absorption experiments on intact thylakoid membranes isolated from spinach and transgenic <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> plants. These plants have well defined quenching capabilities and distinct contents of xanthophyll (Xan) cycle carotenoids. The kinetics probed in the spectral region of the S <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> → S <jats:sub>n</jats:sub> transition of Xans (530–580 nm) were found to be significantly different under the quenched and unquenched conditions, corresponding to maximum and no NPQ, respectively. The lifetime and the spectral characteristics indicate that the kinetic difference originated from the involvement of the S <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> state of a specific Xan, zeaxanthin, in the quenched case. </jats:p>

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