The <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> chitin utilization program

  • Karin L. Meibom
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Biology and McCollum-Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
  • Xibing B. Li
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Biology and McCollum-Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
  • Alex T. Nielsen
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Biology and McCollum-Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
  • Cheng-Yen Wu
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Biology and McCollum-Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
  • Saul Roseman
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Biology and McCollum-Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
  • Gary K. Schoolnik
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Biology and McCollum-Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218

抄録

<jats:p> Chitin, an insoluble polymer of GlcNAc, is an abundant source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for marine microorganisms. Microarray expression profiling and mutational studies of <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae</jats:italic> growing on a natural chitin surface, or with the soluble chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc) <jats:sub>2–6</jats:sub> , GlcNAc, or the glucosamine dimer (GlcN) <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> identified three sets of differentially regulated genes. We show that ( <jats:italic>i</jats:italic> ) ChiS, a sensor histidine kinase, regulates expression of the (GlcNAc) <jats:sub>2–6</jats:sub> gene set, including a (GlcNAc) <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> catabolic operon, two extracellular chitinases, a chitoporin, and a PilA-containing type IV pilus, designated ChiRP ( <jats:underline>chi</jats:underline> tin- <jats:underline>r</jats:underline> egulated <jats:underline>p</jats:underline> ilus) that confers a significant growth advantage to <jats:italic>V. cholerae</jats:italic> on a chitin surface; ( <jats:italic>ii</jats:italic> ) GlcNAc causes the coordinate expression of genes involved with chitin chemotaxis and adherence and with the transport and assimilation of GlcNAc; ( <jats:italic>iii</jats:italic> ) (GlcN) <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> induces genes required for the transport and catabolism of nonacetylated chitin residues; and ( <jats:italic>iv</jats:italic> ) the constitutively expressed MSHA pilus facilitates adhesion to the chitin surface independent of surface chemistry. Collectively, these results provide a global portrait of a complex, multistage <jats:italic>V. cholerae</jats:italic> program for the efficient utilization of chitin. </jats:p>

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