Metabolic Profiles and Genetic Diversity of Denitrifying Communities in Activated Sludge after Addition of Methanol or Ethanol

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  • Sara Hallin
    Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
  • Ingela Noredal Throbäck
    Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
  • Johan Dicksved
    Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
  • Mikael Pell
    Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> External carbon sources can enhance denitrification rates and thus improve nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. The effects of adding methanol and ethanol on the genetic and metabolic diversity of denitrifying communities in activated sludge were compared using a pilot-scale plant with two parallel lines. A full-scale plant receiving the same municipal wastewater, but without external carbon source addition, was the reference. Metabolic profiles obtained from potential denitrification rates with 10 electron donors showed that the denitrifying communities altered their preferences for certain compounds after supplementation with methanol or ethanol and that methanol had the greater impact. Clone libraries of <jats:italic>nirK</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>nirS</jats:italic> genes, encoding the two different nitrite reductases in denitrifiers, revealed that methanol also increased the diversity of denitrifiers of the <jats:italic>nirS</jats:italic> type, which indicates that denitrifiers favored by methanol were on the rise in the community. This suggests that there might be a niche differentiation between <jats:italic>nirS</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>nirK</jats:italic> genotypes during activated sludge processes. The composition of <jats:italic>nirS</jats:italic> genotypes also varied greatly among all samples, whereas the <jats:italic>nirK</jats:italic> communities were more stable. The latter was confirmed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of <jats:italic>nirK</jats:italic> communities on all sampling occasions. Our results support earlier hypotheses that the compositions of denitrifier communities change during predenitrification processes when external carbon sources are added, although no severe effect could be observed from an operational point of view. </jats:p>

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