Black poets of the United States : from Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes

著者

書誌事項

Black poets of the United States : from Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes

by Jean Wagner ; Translated by Kenneth Douglas

（Illini books）

University of Illinois Press, [1973]

タイトル別名

Poètes Nègres des États-Unis

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注記

Translation of Les poètes Nègres des États-Unis

Originally presented as the author's thesis, Sorbonne, 1963

Bibliography: p. 513-545

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Acclaimed upon its initial American release, Black Poets of the United Statescontinued to spark comment and analysis for years afterward. Jean Wagner's masterpiece delves into the vital union of racial and religious feeling in the Black poets who emerged from 1890 to 1940. Beginning with an analysis of slavery's impact on the Black psyche and religious feeling, Wagner examines the evolution of Black lyrical expression to the end of the nineteenth century. He then moves into a focused study of Paul Laurence Dunbar and his contemporaries, emphasizing their struggle against prevalent stereotypes that stemmed from minstrelsy, popular song, and southern white writing. His look at the twentieth-century Black Renaissance explores the works, themes, concerns, and experiences of poets Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Countee Cullen, James Weldon Johnson, Sterling Brown, and Langston Hughes. Deeply sensitive and remarkably comprehensive Black Poets of the United States combines encyclopedic knowledge with a broad perspective to provide a pioneering examination of major African American poets and their works.

目次

FOREWORD xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix PREFACE xxi Chapter One: INTRODUCTION 3 1. The Negro in the United States 4 Slaves and Free Men 5 The Negro "Inferior and Subservient" 9 The Mark of Oppression 14 2. The Origins of Black Poetry 16 Written Poetry in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 16 Folk Poetry 26 PART ONE: PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR AND HIS TIME 37 Chapter Two: THE NEGRO IN THE AMERICAN TRADITION IN DUNBAR'S TIME 39 1. The Minstrels 40 2. The Plantation Tradition in Poetry 48 Irwin Russell 51 Joel Chandler Harris 59 Thomas Nelson Page and Armistead C. Gordon 62 3. The South's Revenge 66 Chapter Three: PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 73 1. Biography 73 Childhood Years 73 Early Successes 75 Fame and Its Drawbacks 77 The End 79 2. Dunbar and the Plantation Tradition 80 Dunbar and the Plantation 81 Dunbar and the South 88 The Poet and His Theme 92 3. Race Consciousness and History 95 Past and Present 96 The Search for Heroes 98 Dunbar and Racial Injustice 101 4. The Poet of the People 104 The Problem of Dialect 105 Dunbar and the Negro Popular Temperament 111 The Themes of Dunbar's Popular Poetry 115 5. The Lyricism of HEARTBREAK 118 Pessimism and Religious Doubts 121 Chapter Four: DUNBAR'S CONTEMPORARIES 127 1. James Edwin Campbell 129 The Theme of Interracial Love 130 The People in Campbell's Poetry 133 2. Daniel Webster Davis 138 3. J. Mord Allen 141 PART TWO: THE NEGRO RENAISSANCE 147 Chapter Five: THE NEGRO RENAISSANCE 149 1. New Forces 151 The Role of W. E. B. Du Bois 151 Black Migrations 153 Radicalism and the New Spirit 155 The Rehabilitation of the Negro Past 157 2. The Problem of Self-Definition 160 The Discovery of the Negro and of Negro Art 162 Cultural Dualism and Its Problems 165 Art or Propaganda? 170 3. The Poetry of the Renaissance 172 The Poets and Their Public 173 The Poets and Their Themes 177 Poets in Conflict 190 Section A: IN SEARCH OF THE SPIRITUAL 195 Chapter Six: CLAUDE McKay 197 1. Biography 198 The Jamaican Years 198 The Years in the United States 201 Years of Vagabondage 201 Home to Harlem 203 2. The Jamaican Sources 204 Authenticity of Form 204 Realism of the Peasant Portraits 206 Primacy of the Earth 211 Rejection of the City 215 3. The Lyricism of Militancy 222 Racial Pride 223 Hatred 225 Target of Hatred: Evil 230 The Limits of Hatred 235 4. Exoticism and the Theme of Africa 236 5. Harlem and Negro Art 243 6. The Spiritual Journey 247 Chapter Seven: JEAN TOOMER 259 1. The Destiny of Jean Toomer 260 2. The Poetry of CANE, or, the Pilgrimage to the Origins 264 3. Beyond Race: "Blue Meridian" 272 Chapter Eight: COUNTEE CULLEN 283 1. Cullen's Life 284 A Mysterious Childhood 284 The Productive Years 287 The Last Years 291 2. The Dictates of the Psyche 291 The Burden of Inferiority 293 Death the Liberator 297 Pride as Solace 299 3. Race and the African Homeland 301 Race in Cullen's Poetic Universe 302 A Black among Whites 308 Garvey and the African Heritage 315 Africa as a Pagan Symbol 320 4. Christ as Symbol and Reality 329 Christ as a Sign of Self-Contradiction 330 Mysticism and Spiritual Experience 339 "The Black Christ": A Spiritual Testament 341 Section B: IN SEARCH OF THE PEOPLE 349 Chapter Nine: JAMES WELDON JOHNSON 351 1. Biography 352 From Florida to Broadway 352 In the Service of Country and Race 354 2. Dunbar's Disciple 356 Poetry in Dialect 356 Religious and Patriotic Conformism 358 3. Johnson and the New Spirit 365 4. Folklore and Race: Their Rehabilitation 372 The Condemnation of Dialect 375 The Experiment of God's Trombones 377 Chapter Ten: LANGSTON HUGHES 385 1. Biography 386 The Restless Years 386 Early Successes 389 A Literature of Commitment 391 2. From Racial Romanticism to Jazz 393 Racial Romanticism 394 Rebellion: Through a Glass Jazzily 400 3. The Poetry of the Masses 416 The Social Setting of the Blues 417 Class Consciousness 426 Religion and the Masses 437 4. American Democracy: Promises and Reality 444 The American Dream 446 The Poet and Reality 454 5. Toward a Synthesis 461 Conclusion: Langston Hughes and Harlem 473 Chapter Eleven: STERLING BROWN 475 1. Folk Strength and Folk Frailties 476 2. The Tragic Universe of Sterling Brown 481 The Whites' Conspiracy 482 The Black Man and His Fate 483 The Inanity of Faith 490 3. Means for Survival 496 Chapter Twelve: CONCLUSION 505 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX 513 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SUPPLEMENT 537 INDEX 547

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