World economic outlook : a survey

Author(s)

• International Monetary Fund

Bibliographic Information

World economic outlook : a survey

by the staff of the International Monetary Fund

（World economic and financial surveys）

International Monetary Fund, c1986-

• 1986 (Apr.)
• 1986 (Oct.)
• 1987 (Apr.)
• 1987 (Oct.)
• 1988 (Apr.)
• 1988 (Oct.)
• 1989 (Apr.)
• 1989 (Oct.)
• 1990 (May)
• 1990 (Oct.)
• 1991 (May)
• 1991 (Oct.)
• 1992 (May)
• 1992 (Oct.)
• 1993 (Jan.)
• 1993 (May)
• 1993 (Oct.)
• 1994 (May)
• 1994 (Oct.)
• 1995 (May)
• 1995 (Oct.)
• 1996 (May)
• 1996 (Oct.)
• 1997 (May)
• 1997 (Oct.)
• 1997 (Dec.)
• 1998 (May)
• 1998 (Oct.)
• 1999 (May)
• 1999 (Oct.)
• 2000 (May)
• 2000 (Oct.)
• 2001 (May)
• 2001 (Oct.)
• 2001 (Dec.)
• 2002 (Apr.)
• 2002 (Sep.)
• 2003 (Apr.)
• 2003 (Sep.)
• 2004 (Apr.)
• 2004 (Sep.)
• 2005 (Apr.)
• 2005 (Sep.)
• 2006 (Apr.)
• 2006 (Sep.)
• 2007 (Apr.)
• 2007 (Oct.)
• 2008 (Apr.)
• 2008 (Oct.)
• 2009 (Apr.)
• 2009 (Oct.)
• 2010 (Apr.)
• 2010 (Oct.)
• 2011 (Apr.)
• 2011 (Sep.)
• 2012 (Apr.)
• 2012 (Oct.)
• 2013 (Apr.)
• 2013 (Oct.)
• 2014 (Apr.)
• 2014 (Oct.)
• 2015 (Apr.)
• 2015 (Oct.)
• 2016 (Apr.)
• 2016 (Oct.)
• 2017 (Apr.)
• 2017 (Oct.)
• 2018 (Apr.)
• 2018 (Oct.)
• 2019 (Apr.)
• 2019 (Oct.)

Other Title

World economic outlook : revised projections

Financial stress, downturns, and recoveries

Housing and the business cycle

Crisis and recovery

Sustaining the recovery

Rebalancing growth

Recovery, risk, and rebalancing

Tensions from the two-speed recovery : unemployment, commodities, and capital flows

Slowing growth, rising risks

Growth resuming, dangers remain

Coping with high debt and sluggish growth

Hopes, realities, risks

Transitions and tensions

Recovery strengthens, remains uneven

Legacies, clouds, uncertainties

Subdued demand : symptoms and remedies

Note

"Crisis in Asia. Regional and global implications"--Cover of 1997 (Dec.)

January 1993 ed., December 1997 ed. have subtitle: Interim assessment

May 1997 ed. has subtitle: Globalization opportunities and challenges

October 1997 ed. has subtitle: EMU and the world economy

October 1999 ed. has subtitle: Safeguarding macroeconomic stability at low inflation

May 2000 ed. has subtitle: Asset prices and the business cycle; October 2000 ed. has subtitle: Focus on transition economoies; May 2001 ed. has subtitle: Fiscal policy and macroeconomic stability; October 2001 ed. has subtitle: The information technology revolution; December 2001 ed. has subtitle: The global economy after September 11

April 2002 ed. has subtitle: Recessions and recoveries; September 2002 ed. has subtitle: Trade and finance; April 2003 ed. has subtitle: Growth and institutions; September 2003 ed. has subtitle: Public debt in emerging markets

April 2004 ed. has subtitle: Advancing structural reforms; September 2004 ed. has subtitle: The global demographic transition; April 2005 ed. has subtitle: Globalization and external imbalances; September 2005 ed. has subtitle: Building institutions

April 2006 ed. has subtitle: Globalization and inflation; September 2006 ed. has subtitle: Financial systems and economic cycles; April 2007 ed. has subtitle: Spillovers and cycles in the global economy; October 2007 ed. has subtitle: Globalization and inequality

April 2008 ed. has subtitle: Housing and the business cycle; October 2008 ed. has subtitle: Financial stress, downturns, and recoveries; April 2009 ed. has subtitle: Crisis and recovery; October 2009 ed. has subtitle: Sustaining the recovery; April 2010 ed. has subtitle: Rebalancing growth; October 2010 ed. has subtitle: Recovery, risk, and rebalancing; April 2011 ed. has subtitle: Tensions from the two-speed recovery : unemployment, commodities, and capital flows; September 2011 ed. has subtitle: Slowing growth, rising risks; April 2012 ed. has subtitle: Growth resuming, dangers remain; October 2012 ed. has subtitle: Coping with high debt and sluggish growth; April 2013 ed. has subtitle: Hopes, realities, risks; October 2013 ed. has subtitle: Transitions and tensions

April 2014 ed. has subtitle: Recovery strengthens, remains uneven; October 2014 ed. has subtitle: Legacies, clouds, uncertainties; April 2015 ed. has subtitle: Uneven growth, short-and long-term factors; October 2015 ed. has subtitle: Adjusting to lower commodity prices; April 2016 ed. has subtitle: Too slow for too long; October 2016 ed. has subtitle: Subdued demand : symptoms and remedies; April 2017 ed. has subtitle: Gaining Momentum?; October 2017 ed. has subtitle: Seeking sustainable growth ; April 2018 ed. has subtitle: Cyclical upswing, structural change ; October 2018 ed. has subtitle: Challenges to steady growth ; April 2019 ed. has subtitle: Growth slowdown, precarious recovery ; October 2019 ed. has subtitle: Global manufacturing downturn, rising trade barriers

Includes bibliographical references

Description and Table of Contents

Volume

2017 (Apr.) ISBN 9781475564655

Description

Clearly, great macroeconomic challenges lie ahead. The World Economic Outlook provides readers with key insights into how to view unprecedented global imbalances, respond to capital account crises caused by abrupt shifts in global asset allocations, and evaluate the opportunities for all member countries, especially low-income countries, to grow

Volume

2014 (Apr.) ISBN 9781484308349

Description

The world economy continues its slow recovery from the global financial crisis, but the main impetus for growth now lies with the advanced economies. The April 2014 WEO examines the causes and implications of recent trends, including increased financial volatility in emerging market economies, lower-than-expected inflation in advanced economies, and the withdrawal of monetary accommodation. It examines the policy priorities for both advanced economies and emerging market developing economies. The report includes a chapter that analyzes the causes of worldwide decreases in real interest rates since the 1980s and another chapter that examines factors behind the fluctuations in emerging market economies' growth, including the role of China.

Volume

2017 (Oct.) ISBN 9781484312490

Description

The global upswing in economic activity is strengthening. Global growth, which in 2016 was the weakest since the global financial crisis at 3.2 percent, is projected to rise to 3.6 percent in 2017 and to 3.7 percent in 2018. The growth forecasts for both 2017 and 2018 are 0.1 percentage point stronger compared with projections earlier this year. Broad-based upward revisions in the euro area, Japan, emerging Asia, emerging Europe, and Russia-where growth outcomes in the first half of 2017 were better than expected-more than offset downward revisions for the United States and the United Kingdom. But the recovery is not complete: while the baseline outlook is strengthening, growth remains weak in many countries, and inflation is below target in most advanced economies. Commodity exporters, especially of fuel, are particularly hard hit as their adjustment to a sharp step down in foreign earnings continues. And while short-term risks are broadly balanced, medium-term risks are still tilted to the downside. The welcome cyclical pickup in global activity thus provides an ideal window of opportunity to tackle the key policy challenges-namely to boost potential output while ensuring its benefits are broadly shared, and to build resilience against downside risks. A renewed multilateral effort is also needed to tackle the common challenges of an integrated global economy.

Volume

2018 (Apr.) ISBN 9781484338278

Description

The upswing in global investment and trade continued in the second half of 2017. At 3.8 percent, global growth in 2017 was the fastest since 2011. With financial conditions still supportive, global growth is expected to tick up to a 3.9 percent rate in both 2018 and 2019. Advanced economies will grow faster than potential this year and next; euro area economies are set to narrow excess capacity with support from accommodative monetary policy, and expansionary fiscal policy will drive the US economy above full employment. Aggregate growth in emerging market and developing economies is projected to firm further, with continued strong growth in emerging Asia and Europe and a modest upswing in commodity exporters after three years of weak performance. Global growth, however, is projected to soften beyond the next couple of years, with most advanced economies likely returning to potential growth rates well below precrisis averages. Growth is projected to remain subpar in several emerging market and developing economies, including in some commodity exporters that continue to face substantial fiscal consolidation needs. Beyond the next few quarters risks clearly lean to the downside. The current recovery offers a window of opportunity to advance policies and reforms that secure the current upswing and raise medium-term growth to the benefit of all.

Volume

2013 (Oct.) ISBN 9781484340639

Description

Global growth is in low gear, and the drivers of activity are changing. These dynamics raise new policy challenges. Advanced economies are growing again but must continue financial sector repair, pursue fiscal consolidation, and spur job growth. Emerging market economies face the dual challenges of slowing growth and tighter global financial conditions. This issue of the World Economic Outlook examines the potential spillovers from these transitions and the appropriate policy responses. Chapter 3 explores how output comovements are influenced by policy and financial shocks, growth surprises, and other linkages. Chapter 4 assesses why certain emerging market economies were able to avoid the classical boom-and-bust cycle in the face of volatile capital flows during the global financial crisis.

Volume

2018 (Oct.) ISBN 9781484376799

Description

The global upswing in economic activity is strengthening. Global growth, which in 2016 was the weakest since the global financial crisis at 3.2 percent, is projected to rise to 3.6 percent in 2017 and to 3.7 percent in 2018. The growth forecasts for both 2017 and 2018 are 0.1 percentage point stronger compared with projections earlier this year. Broad-based upward revisions in the euro area, Japan, emerging Asia, emerging Europe, and Russia - where growth outcomes in the first half of 2017 were better than expected - more than offset downward revisions for the United States and the United Kingdom. But the recovery is not complete: while the baseline outlook is strengthening, growth remains weak in many countries, and inflation is below target in most advanced economies.

Volume

2019 (Apr.) ISBN 9781484397480

Description

After strong growth in 2017 and early 2018, global economic activity slowed notably in the second half of last year, reflecting a confluence of factors affecting major economies. China's growth declined following a combination of needed regulatory tightening to rein in shadow banking and an increase in trade tensions with the United States. The euro area economy lost more momentum than expected as consumer and business confidence weakened and car production in Germany was disrupted by the introduction of new emission standards; investment dropped in Italy as sovereign spreads widened; and external demand, especially from emerging Asia, softened. Elsewhere, natural disasters hurt activity in Japan. Trade tensions increasingly took a toll on business confidence and, so, financial market sentiment worsened, with financial conditions tightening for vulnerable emerging markets in the spring of 2018 and then in advanced economies later in the year, weighing on global demand. Conditions have eased in 2019 as the US Federal Reserve signalled a more accommodative monetary policy stance and markets became more optimistic about a US-China trade deal, but they remain slightly more restrictive than in the fall.

Volume

2014 (Oct.) ISBN 9781498331555

Description

Global activity has broadly strengthened and is expected to improve further in 2014-15, according to the April 2014 WEO, with much of the impetus for growth coming from advanced economies. Although downside risks have diminished overall, lower-than-expected inflation poses risks for advanced economies, there is increased financial volatility in emerging market economies, and increases in the cost of capital will likely dampen investment and weigh on growth. Advanced economy policymakers need to avoid a premature withdrawal of monetary accommodation. Emerging market economy policymakers must adopt measures to changing fundamentals, facilitate external adjustment, further monetary policy tightening, and carry out structural reforms.The report includes a chapter that analyzes the causes of worldwide decreases in real interest rates since the 1980s and concludes that global rates can be expected to rise in the medium term, but only moderately. Another chapter examines factors behind the fluctuations in emerging market economies' growth and concludes that strong growth in China played a key role in buffering the effects of the global financial crisis in these economies.

Volume

2015 (Apr.) ISBN 9781498378000

Description

Global growth remains moderate and uneven, and a number of complex forces are shaping the outlook. These include medium- and long-term trends, global shocks, and many country- or region-specific factors. The April 2015 WEO examines the causes and implications of recent trends, including lower oil prices, which are providing a boost to growth globally and in many oil-importing countries but are weighing on activity in oil-exporting countries, and substantial changes in exchange rates for major currencies, reflecting variations in country growth rates and in exchange rate policies and the lower price of oil. Additionally, analytical chapters explore the growth rate of potential output across advanced and emerging market economies, assessing its recent track and likely future course; and the performance of private fixed investment in advanced economies, which has featured prominently in the public policy debate in recent years, focusing on the role of overall economic weakness in accounting for this performance.

Volume

2016 (Apr.) ISBN 9781498398589

Description

Major macroeconomic realignments are affecting prospects differentially across the world's countries and regions. The April 2016 WEO examines the causes and implications of these realignments-including the slowdown and rebalancing in China, a further decline in commodity prices, a related slowdown in investment and trade, and declining capital flows to emerging market and developing economies-which are generating substantial uncertainty and affecting the outlook for the global economy. Additionally, analytical chapters examine the slowdown in capital flows to emerging market economies since their 2010 peak-its main characteristics, how it compares with past slowdowns, the factors that are driving it, and whether exchange rate flexibility has changed the dynamics of the capital inflow cycle-and assess whether product and labor market reforms can improve the economic outlook in advanced economies, looking at the recent evolution and scope for further reform, the channels through which reforms affect economic activity under strong versus weak economic conditions, reforms' short- to medium-term macroeconomic effects, and sequencing of reforms and coordination with other policies to maximize their potential quantitative economic benefits. A special feature analyzes in depth the energy transition in an era of low fossil fuel prices.

Volume

2019 (Oct.) ISBN 9781513508214

Description

After slowing sharply in the last three quarters of 2018, the pace of global economic activity remains weak. Momentum in manufacturing activity, in particular, has weakened substantially, to levels not seen since the global financial crisis. Rising trade and geopolitical tensions have increased uncertainty about the future of the global trading system and international cooperation more generally, taking a toll on business confidence, investment decisions, and global trade. A notable shift toward increased monetary policy accommodation - through both action and communication - has cushioned the impact of these tensions on financial market sentiment and activity, while a generally resilient service sector has supported employment growth. That said, the outlook remains precarious. Global growth is forecast at 3.0 percent for 2019, its lowest level since 2008-09 and a 0.3 percentage point downgrade from the April 2019 World Economic Outlook. Growth is projected to pick up to 3.4 percent in 2020 (a 0.2 percentage point downward revision compared with April), reflecting primarily a projected improvement in economic performance in a number of emerging markets in Latin America, the Middle East, and emerging and developing Europe that are under macroeconomic strain. Yet, with uncertainty about prospects for several of these countries, a projected slowdown in China and the United States, and prominent downside risks, a much more subdued pace of global activity could well materialise. To forestall such an outcome, policies should decisively aim at defusing trade tensions, reinvigorating multilateral cooperation, and providing timely support to economic activity where needed. To strengthen resilience, policymakers should address financial vulnerabilities that pose risks to growth in the medium term. Making growth more inclusive, which is essential for securing better economic prospects for all, should remain an overarching go

Volume

2015 (Oct.) ISBN 9781513520735

Description

Discusses a number of factors affecting global growth, as well as growth prospects across the world's main countries and regions. It assesses the ongoing recovery from the global financial crisis in advanced and emerging market economies and evaluates risks, both upside and downside, including those associated with commodity prices, currency fluctuations, and financial market volatility.

Volume

2016 (Oct.) ISBN 9781513599540

Description

The World Economic Outlook presents the IMF staff's analysis and projections of economic developments at the global level, in major country groups (classified by region, stage of development, etc.), and in many individual countries. Focusing on major economic policy issues as well as on the analysis of economic developments and prospects, it is a respected, one-stop, trusted resource offering remarkable insight, balance, and perspective to decision makers and policymakers worldwide. Published at least twice yearly, the World Economic Outlook presents the outlook for growth, inflation, trade, and other economic developments in a clear, practical format. Each WEO considers the issues affecting advanced and emerging economies. The analytic chapters provide the global intelligence required to deal with global interdependence. These analyses focus on pressing concerns or hotly debated issues, putting prospects for liquidity, inflation, and growth into context

Volume

1991 (Oct.) ISBN 9781557751867

Description

Where is the world's economy going? The projections and analysis in this book are the product of an interdepartmental review of world economic developments by the staff of the IMF. This review draws primarily on the information the Fund gathers through its consultations with member countries, as well as on analysis based on econometric models maintained by the staff.

Table of Contents

• Current developments and short-term prospects
• medium-term prospects and policy issues in the industrial countries
• medium-term prospects and policy issues in the developing countries.

Volume

1993 (Jan.) ISBN 9781557752789

Description

The "World Economic Outlook" is the core publicaiton of the IMF World Economic and Financial Surveys series. Published twice a year, it discusses balance of payments adjustment of major groups of countries, policy options available to them, inflation and interest rates, debt and capital flows. In addition, this report features detailed scenarios for the evolution of the world economy based on the adoption of alternative policy measures.

Table of Contents

• Recent developments and short-term prospects
• macroeconomic imbalances and financial strains
• policy considerations.

Volume

1995 (May) ISBN 9781557754684

Description

Special topic: Global saving

Volume

1996 (May) ISBN 9781557755674

Description

On cover: Focus on fiscal policy

Volume

1997 (Oct.) ISBN 9781557756107

Description

On cover: The rise and fall of inflation

Volume

1997 (May) ISBN 9781557756480

Description

On cover: Globalization: opportunities & challenges

Volume

1997 (Dec.) ISBN 9781557757142

Description

Dated December 1997. On cover: Crisis in Asia: regional and global implications

Volume

1998 (May) ISBN 9781557757401

Description

Dated May 1998. On cover: Financial crises: causes and indicators

Volume

1998 (Oct.) ISBN 9781557757739

Description

Examine analyses of global economics for the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview of the world economy and consider issues of current interest.

Volume

1999 (May) ISBN 9781557758095

Description

Dated May 1999. On cover:International financial contagion; chronic unemployment in the Euro area: causes and cures

Volume

1999 (Oct.) ISBN 9781557758392

Description

Dated October 1999. On cover: Safeguarding macroeconomic stability at low inflation

Volume

2000 (May) ISBN 9781557759368

Description

The projections and analysis contained in this publication are an integral element of the IMF's ongoing surveillance of economic developments and policies in its member countries and of the global economic system. The survey of prospects and policies is the product of a comprehensive interdepartmental review of world economic developments, which draws primarily on information the IMF staff gather through its consultations with member states.

Volume

2000 (Oct.) ISBN 9781557759757

Description

In the first year of the new millennium, the world economy is enjoying considerable growth and despite increases in oil prices, on the whole inflation in the world economy remains well contained. This biannual publication outlines the situation of the world economy. Each edition has a special topic to which more attention is given. This edition looks in detail at the European enlargement process from the perspective both of the accession countries and the European Union itself.

Volume

2001 (May) ISBN 9781589060326

Description

The ""World Economic Outlook"" contains projections and analysis that serve as integral elements of the International Monetary Fund's ongoing surveillance of economic developments and policies in its member countries and of the global economic system. It is an extensive piece of research on the world economy, looking at trade, policy, currency, inflation and so on to paint an insightful picture of the world's economic position.

Volume

2001 (Oct.) ISBN 9781589060739

Description

Since the May outlook, prospects for 2001-02 have weakened further, and have been exacerbated by the 11 September terrorist attack in the United States. Growth projections for nearly all areas have reduced reflecting a variety of factors: delayed recovery in the USA; weakening domestic demand growth and confidence in Europe; slower growth in Japan as it presses ahead with structural reforms; the continued decline in information technology spending, which affects Asia in particular; deteriorating financing conditions for emerging markets, especially in Latin America. GDP growth is now slowing in all regions,accompanied by a sharp decline in trade growth. The recent terrorist attack has increased uncertainty, and the danger of a deeper and more prolonged slowdown remains. In addition to the review of prospects and policies, this report examines international linkages, financial integration and developing countries, and the information technology revolution.

Volume

2001 (Dec.) ISBN 9781589060876

Description

This interim update from the IMF provides a preliminary assessment of the global economic outlook and policies following September 11th terrorist attacks. Based on information IMF staff gathered through detailed consultation with member countries, the survery springs from a comprehensive inter-departmental review of world economic development and pulls together the expertise of a wide range of contributors.

Volume

2002 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589061071

Description

This publication presents the IMF analysis and projections for global economic developments and policy issues in major country groups and in many individual countries. This issue contains an analysis of the current global economic slowdown in the context of past recessions, and concludes that it has much more in common with past downturns than is commonly recognised. Overall, it finds that there are increasing signs that the global slowdown has now bottomed out. This issue also includes three essays on: why many Latin American countries have had a disproportionate number of debt crises; consumer spending in industrial countries during the 1990's and the impact of increased household wealth; and the monetary policy challenges in an era of low inflation.

Volume

2002 (Sep.) ISBN 9781589061798

Description

The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview as well as more detailed analysis of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.

Volume

2003 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589062122

Description

This issue of the IMF's six-monthly report looks at the state of the global economy in 2003. It also looks systematically at the impacts that structural and institutional reforms have on long-term economic growth.

Volume

2003 (Sep.) ISBN 9781589062832

Description

The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview as well as more detailed analysis of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.

Volume

2004 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589063372

Description

The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview as well as more detailed analysis of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.

Volume

2004 (Sep.) ISBN 9781589064065

Description

This bi-annual publication sets out the IMF's analysis of global economic developments and policy issues for major country groups and individual countries. This edition also contains papers on the following issues: the current house price boom in industrialised countries; the shift from fixed exchange rates to floating exchange rates in emerging market economies in the 1990s; fiscal policy under the common currency arrangements in euro area member states; and the global economic impact of demographic changes related to population ageing trends.

Volume

2005 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589064294

Description

The World Economic Outlook presents the IMF staff's analysis and projections of economic developments at the global level, in major country groups (classified by region, stage of development, etc.), and in many individual countries. It focuses on major economic policy issues as well as on the analysis of economic developments and prospects. It is usually prepared twice a year, as documentation for meetings of the International Monetary and Financial Committee, and forms the main instrument of the IMF's global surveillance activities.

Table of Contents

• Economic Prospects and Policies
• Two Current Issues Facing Developing Countries
• Globalization and External Imbalances
• Will the Oil Market Continue to Be Tight?
• Annex: Summing Up by the Acting Chair
• Statistical Appendix.

Volume

2005 (Sep.) ISBN 9781589064546

Description

This bi-annual publication sets out the IMF's analysis of global economic developments and policy issues, for major country groups and individual countries. This edition also contains papers on the following issues: global imbalances in savings and investments; the role of institutions in economic reform and growth, institutional change and capacity building; and the impact of inflation targeting in emerging markets.

Volume

2006 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589065499

Description

The world economy is in the midst of an extraordinary purple patch, with what looks like a third year of significantly above-trend growth. Growth is also becoming more balanced with Japan picking up strongly, and the euro area showing advance signs of steadier growth. Perhaps, the best reflection of the times is that sub-Saharan Africa is headed for its best growth performance in over 30 years. As past Outlooks have documented, an important reason for this good performance has been greater flows of goods, services, and capital across the world, a phenomenon known colloquially as globalization. The chapters in this Outlook all try to make sense of this phenomenon.

Volume

2006 (Sep.) ISBN 9781589065987

Description

The World Economic Outlook offers a comprehensive assessment of the international economic situation as well as prospects for the future. The five chapters look at: global perspectives and policy issues; country and regional perspectives; Asia, patterns of economic development and growth; the effect of financial systems on economic cycles; and whether the boom in commodity prices can last. In addition there is a statistical appendix the presents historical data as well as projections.

Volume

2007 (Oct.) ISBN 9781589066885

Description

The global economy grew strongly in the first half of 2007, although turbulence in financial markets has clouded prospects. While the 2007 forecast has been little affected, the baseline projection for 2008 global growth has been reduced by almost 1/2 percentage point relative to the July 2007 World Economic Outlook Update. This would still leave global growth at a solid 43/4 percent, supported by generally sound fundamentals and strong momentum in emerging market economies. Risks to the outlook, however, are firmly on the downside, centred around the concern that financial market strains could deepen and trigger a more pronounced global slowdown. Thus, the immediate focus of policymakers is to restore more normal financial market conditions and safeguard the expansion. Additional risks to the outlook include potential inflation pressures, volatile oil markets, and the impact on emerging markets of strong foreign exchange inflows. At the same time, longer-term issues such as population aging, increasing resistance to globalization, and global warming are a source of concern.

Volume

2008 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589067196

Description

The global expansion is losing speed in the face of a major financial crisis. The slowdown has been greatest in the advanced economies, particularly in the United States, where the housing market correction continues to exacerbate financial stress. The emerging and developing economies have so far been less affected by financial market developments and have continued to grow at a rapid pace, led by China and India, although activity is beginning to slow in some countries. At the same time, headline inflation has increased around the world, boosted by the continuing buoyancy of food and energy prices. Policymakers around the world are facing a diverse and fast-moving set of challenges, and although each country's circumstances differ, in an increasingly multipolar world it will be essential to meet these challenges broadly, taking full account of cross-border interactions. The World Economic Outlook (WEO) presents the IMF staff's analysis and projections of economic developments at the global level, in major country groups (classified by region, stage of development, etc.), and in many individual countries. It focuses on major economic policy issues as well as on the analysis of economic developments and prospects. It is usually prepared twice a year, as documentation for meetings of the International Monetary and Financial Committee, and forms the main instrument of the IMF's global surveillance activities.

Volume

2008 (Oct.) ISBN 9781589067585

Description

An extraordinary confluence of global forces has kept the world economy strong in the past few years, but there are now numerous challenges to growth. The World Economic Outlook (WEO) presents the IMF's leading economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium terms. It is a respected, one-stop, trusted resource offering remarkable insight, balance, and perspective to decision makers and policymakers worldwide. Published at least twice yearly, the World Economic Outlook presents the outlook for growth, inflation, trade, and other economic developments in a clear, practical format. Each WEO considers the issues affecting advanced and emerging economies. The analytic chapters provide the global intelligence required to deal with global interdependence. These analyses focus on pressing concerns or hotly debated issues, putting prospects for liquidity, inflation, and growth into context. The statistical appendix presents historical data as well as projections and selected series from World Economic Outlook database updated for each report. The October 2008 edition examines commodity prices and inflation, economic cycles in the aftermath of financial crises, the role of fiscal policy during downturns, and current account imbalances in emerging economies. Recent analytic chapters have examined climate change, the housing cycle, commodity prices, capital inflows, globalization and inequality, and the global business cycle.

Volume

2009 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589068063

Description

This edition of the World Economic Outlook explores how a dramatic escalation of the financial crisis in September 2008 provoked an unprecedented contraction of activity and trade, despite active policy responses. It presents economic projections for 2009 and 2010, and also looks beyond the current crisis, considering factors that will shape the landscape of the global economy over the medium term, as businesses and households seek to repair the damage. The analysis also outlines the difficult policy challenges presented by the overwhelming imperative to take all steps necessary to restore financial stability and revive the global economy, and the longer-run need for national actions to be mutually supporting. The first of two analytical chapters, ""What Kind of Economic Recovery?"" explores the shape of the eventual recovery. The second, ""The Transmission of Financial Stress from Advanced to Emerging and Developing Economies,"" focuses on the role of external financial linkages and financial stress in transmitting economic shocks.

Volume

2009 (Oct.) ISBN 9781589068070

Description

This edition of the World Economic Outlook explores the prospects for growth in the aftermath of the financial crisis. The fragile nature of the recovery will present many challenges. These include the need for continued strong monetary, fiscal, and financial policies, ongoing efforts to restore the financial sector to health, improvements in private demand, and preparation of exit strategies on the fiscal, monetary, and financial fronts. The first of two analytical chapters included in this edition, ""Monetary Policy and Asset Prices: What Do We Learn from Booms and Busts?"" explores whether there is a role for monetary policy in preventing asset price busts. The second, ""Medium-Run Output Evolutions after Crises: A Historical Perspective,"" explores the effect of large economic shocks on output and its composition, including variations related to initial conditions, the type of shock, and economic policies.

Volume

2010 (Apr.) ISBN 9781589069152

Description

The global economic recovery is progressing better than expected, but the speed of recovery varies, as outlined in the April 2010 World Economic Outlook. Some countries, notably in Asia, are off to a strong start, but growth in others is constrained by lasting damage to the financial sector and to household balance sheets. The challenge for policymakers is to ensure a smooth transition of demand, while maintaining supports that promote growth and employment. There is also a need to contain and reduce public debt and repair and reform the financial sector. This issue of the WEO also explores two other key challenges in the wake of the Great Recession: how to spur job creation in the face of likely high and persistent unemployment in advanced economies, and how countries that previously ran large current account surpluses or deficits can promote growth by rebalancing external and domestic demand.

Volume

2010 (Oct.) ISBN 9781589069473

Description

The recovery from the Great Recession is proceeding broadly as expected, but most advanced economies and a few emerging economies still face large adjustments, are recovering only sluggishly, and have continued high unemployment. By contrast, many emerging and developing economies are again seeing strong growth. A sustained, healthy global recovery rests on two rebalancing acts: internal rebalancing, with a strengthening of private demand in advanced economies, allowing for fiscal consolidation; and external rebalancing, with an increase in net exports in deficit countries and a decrease in net exports in surplus countries, notably emerging Asia. This edition of the World Economic Outlook examines the interactions between these two rebalancing acts and explores the policies required to support them. One of the two analytical chapters examines the effects on output and employment of fiscal consolidation in advanced economies using detailed budget data, and the other examines the collapse and recovery of trade in economies that have experienced crises.

Volume

2011 (Apr.) ISBN 9781616350598

Description

The April 2011 edition of the World Economic Outlook assesses the global prospects for economic growth in the face of policy challenges that remain unaddressed and new challenges now coming to the fore. The recovery is gaining strength, but unemployment remains high in advanced economies, and new macroeconomic risks are building in emerging market economies. In advanced economies, the handoff from public to private demand is advancing, reducing concerns that diminishing fiscal policy support might cause a "double-dip" recession. Financial conditions continue to improve, although they remain unusually fragile. In many emerging market economies, demand is robust and overheating is a growing policy concern. Rising food and commodities prices present new risks to the global economy. Two chapters directly explore these new challenges. Chapter 3 reviews the potential impact of oil scarcity on global growth, and Chapter 4 explores the potential response of international capital flows to changes in the global macroeconomic environment.

Volume

2011 (Sep.) ISBN 9781616351199

Description

The September 2011 edition of the World Economic Outlook assesses the prospects for the global economy, which is now in a dangerous new phase. Global activity has weakened and become more uneven, confidence has fallen sharply recently, and downside risks are growing. Against a backdrop of unresolved structural fragilities, a barrage of shocks hit the international economy this year, including the devastating Japanese earthquake and tsunami, unrest in some oil-producing countries, and the major financial turbulence in the euro area. Two of the forces now shaping the global economy are high and rising commodity prices and the need for many economies to address large budget deficits. Chapter 3 examines the inflationary effects of commodity price movements and the appropriate monetary policy response. Chapter 4 explores the implications of efforts by advanced economies to restore fiscal sustainability and by emerging and developing economies to tighten fiscal policy to rebuild fiscal policy room and in some cases to restrain overheating pressures.

Volume

2012 (Apr.) ISBN 9781616352462

Description

The April 2012 issue of the World Economic Outlook assesses the prospects for the global economy, which has gradually strengthened after a major setback during 2011. The threat of a sharp global slowdown eased with improved activity in the United States and better policies in the euro area. Weak recovery will likely resume in the major advanced economies, and activity will remain relatively solid in most emerging and developing economies. However, recent improvements are very fragile. Policymakers must calibrate policies to support growth in the near term and must implement fundamental changes to achieve healthy growth in the medium term. Chapter 3 examines how policies directed at real estate markets can accelerate the improvement of household balance sheets and thus support otherwise anemic consumption. Chapter 4 examines how swings in commodity prices affect commodity-exporting economies, many of which have experienced a decade of good growth. With commodity prices unlikely to continue growing at the recent elevated pace, however, these economies may have to adapt their fiscal and other policies to lower potential output growth in the future.

Volume

2012 (Oct.) ISBN 9781616353896

Description

The October 2012 World Economic Outlook (WEO) assesses the prospects for the global recovery in light of such risks as the ongoing euro area crisis and the "fiscal cliff" facing U.S. policymakers. Reducing the risks to the medium-term outlook implies reducing public debt in the major advanced economies, and Chapter 3 explores 100 years of history of dealing with public debt overhangs. In emerging market and developing economies, activity has been slowed by policy tightening in response to capacity constraints, weaker demand from advanced economies, and country-specific factors, but policy improvements have raised these economies' resilience to shocks, an issue explored in depth in Chapter 4.

Volume

2013 (Apr.) ISBN 9781616355555

Description

Global economic prospects have improved again, but the bumpy recovery and skewed macroeconomic policy mix in advanced economies are complicating policymaking in emerging market economies. Chapter 3 examines the prospects for inflation, particularly because inflation was remarkably stable in the wake of the Great Recession and, in fact, has become less responsive to cyclical conditions. Chapter 4 examines whether today's fast-growing, dynamic low-income countries are likely to maintain their momentum and avoid the reversals that afflicted many such countries in the past.

by "Nielsen BookData"

Details

• NCID: BA07230487
• ISBN:
  • 0939934663
  • 0939934787
  • 093993485X
  • 1557750114
  • 1557750335
  • 1557751129
  • 1557751315
  • 1557751382
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  • 1557752109
  • 1557751862
  • 1557752680
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  • 1557753814
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  • 1557754683
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  • 1557757402
  • 1557757739
  • 1557758093
  • 1557758395
  • 1557759367
  • 1557759758
  • 1589060326
  • 1589060733
  • 1589060873
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  • 1589061799
  • 1589062124
  • 1589062833
  • 1589063376
  • 1589064062
  • 1589064291
  • 1589064542
  • 1589065492
  • 1589065980
  • 9781589066267
  • 9781589066885
  • 9781589067196
  • 9781589067585
  • 9781589068063
  • 9781589068070
  • 9781589069152
  • 9781589069473
  • 9781616350598
  • 9781616351199
  • 9781616352462
  • 9781616353896
  • 9781616355555
  • 9781484340639
  • 9781484308349
  • 9781498331555
  • 9781498378000
  • 9781513520735
  • 9781498398589
  • 9781513599540
  • 9781475564655
  • 9781484312490
  • 9781484338278
  • 9781484376799
  • 9781484397480
  • 9781513508214
• LCCN: 84640155
• Country Code: us
• Title Language Code: eng
• Text Language Code: eng
• Place of Publication: Washington, D.C.
• Pages/Volumes: v.
• Size: 28 cm
• Classification:
  • LCC : HC59
  • DC19 : 338.5/443
• Subject Headings:
  • LCSH : Economic history -- 1971-
• Parent Bibliography ID:
  • BA01058123