Radioanalysis in geochemistry
著者
書誌事項
Radioanalysis in geochemistry
（Developments in geochemistry, 5）
Elsevier, 1989
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注記
Includes bibliographies and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Radioanalysis is indispensable to the present-day geologist and geochemist, due to its three main applications: activation analysis; radiotracer experiments; and the measurement of ``natural'' radioactivity. The aim of this monograph is to summarize that part of the use of radioanalysis which emerges from a confrontation with other analytical methods. After an introductory chapter on the scope of radioanalysis and the aim of the book, Chapter 2 deals with sampling procedures for rocks/minerals, sediments and water. In activation analysis the emphasis is on neutron activation and related prompt methods, with either the nuclear reactor or the neutron generator. The use of the cyclotron and the linear accelerator come into view only when they offer unique or superior results. Distinction is made between the purely instrumental procedures (Chapter 3) and those which imply pre- or post-irradiation separations. Elements are discussed according to the groups of the periodic table. Radiotracer experiments are described, based on mass- and activity-balances. Only those radiotracers which are commonly available are considered.
目次
Foreword. 1. Introduction and Survey of Radioanalysis. Introduction. Principles of radioanalysis. Scope and contents. 2. Sampling and Preconcentration. Survey and principles. Sampling procedures. Preconcentration. Reference materials. 3. Instrumental Radioanalysis of Geological Materials. Survey. Principles. Practical aspects of INAA, IPAA and PIXE. Multielement determination by INAA based on gamma-ray spectrometry. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of the lanthanides. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of uranium. Applications of instrumental neutron activation analysis with an isotope neutron source and a 14.5 MeV neutron generator. Applications of IPAA to silicates. Applications of CPAA to silicates. Applications of prompt techniques. 4. Neutron Activation Analysis Including Chemical Separation of Geological Samples. Introduction. Dissolution procedures and separation schemes. Lanthanides. Noble metals. Uranium and thorium. Other elements. 5. Radioanalysis of Water. Survey. Elemental analysis of fresh water. Elemental analysis of seawater. 6. Radiotracer Experiments in the Laboratory. Survey. Basic equations of radiotracer experiments in closed systems. Isotope exchange in solution. Isotope exchange between a solution and a solid. Reactions in solution. Reaction between a solution and a solid. Migration studies in solid-liquid systems. 7. Radiotracer Experiments in the Field. Survey. Principles of (radio)tracer experiments in open systems with flow in one direction. Principles of (radio)tracer experiments in open systems with flow in various directions. Practical aspects of radiotracer experiments in the field. 8. Measurement of Natural Radioactivity. General. Measurement of low-level gamma-activities. Measurements in rocks and sediments. Measurements on radioactivity in fresh water. Measurements on seawater and marine sediments. Measurements on air. 9. The Use of Radioactivity Detectors and Radioactive Sources for In Situ Analysis. General. Elemental analysis. Moisture and density gauging. 10. Conclusion. General. Sampling and preconcentration. Activation analysis. Neutron activation analysis including chemical separation of geological materials (RNAA). Radioanalysis of water. Radiotracer experiments in the laboratory. Radiotracer experiments in the field. Measurement of natural radioactivity. In situ use of radioanalysis. Index.
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