Biological and ecological effects
著者
書誌事項
Biological and ecological effects
（Advances in environmental science, . Acidic precipitation ; v. 2）
Springer-Verlag, c1989
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- : gw
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
various places of the world. Thus, it is hoped that this up-to-date subseries would increase the "awareness" of the world's citizens and encourage governments to devote more attention and resources to address this issue. The series editors thank the international panel of contributors for bringing this timely series into completion. We also wish to acknowledge the very insightful input of the following colleagues: Prof. A.L. Page of the University of California, Prof. T.C. Hutchinson of the University of Toronto, and Dr. Steve Lindberg of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We also wish to thank the superb effort and cooperation of the volume editors in handling their respective volumes. The constructive criticisms of chapter reviewers also deserve much appreciation. Finally, we wish to convey our appreciation to my secretary, Ms. Brenda Rosier, and my technician, Ms. Claire Carlson, for their very able assistance in various aspects of this series.
目次
Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Trees.- I. Introduction.- II. Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Tree Reproduction.- III. Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Vegetative Components.- IV. Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Tree Mineral Nutrition.- V. Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Tree Resistance to Secondary Stresses.- VI. Tree Mortality, Forest Decline, and the Forest Dieback Phenomenon.- VII. Future Research Needs.- VIII. Summary.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Crops.- I. Introduction.- II. Wet Deposition and Foliage.- III. Direct Effects on Vegetation.- IV. Factors Affecting Vegetation Responses.- V. Limitations to Experimental Approaches.- VI. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Soil Productivity.- I. Introduction.- II. Potential Soil Effects.- III. Linkages and Effects.- IV. Evolving Concepts on Soil Effects.- V. Research Needs.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Stream Ecosystems.- I. Introduction.- II. Effects of Acidification on Populations and Communities.- III. Effects of Acidification on Biological Processes.- IV. Future Research Needs.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Lake Ecosystems.- I. Introduction.- II. Discussion.- III. Summary Recommendations.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Forest Ecosystems in North America.- I. Introduction.- II. Forest Ecosystems: An Overview.- III. Forest Ecosystem Interaction with Regional-Scale Atmospheric Deposition.- IV. North American Forest Ecosystem Decline.- V. Global Scale Air Pollutant Stress on Forest Ecosystems.- VI. Future Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Stress Related to Atmospheric Contamination.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Forest Ecosystems in Europe.- I. Introduction.- II. Assessment of Deposition.- III. Rates of Deposition.- IV. Input-Output Relations of Forest Ecosystems as a Measure of the Deviation from Steady State.- V. Changes in Soil Acidity and Present Status of Forest Soil Acidification.- VI. Causes of the Present Soil Acidification.- VII Effects of Acidic Deposition on Litter Decomposition.- VIII. Direct Effects of Acidic Deposition on Leaves.- IX. Effects of Soil Acidification on Trees.- X. Heavy Metals: Input-Output Relations and Possible Effects.- XI. Cause-and-Effect Relationships in Tree Damage on the Basis of Case Studies.- XII. Future Research Needs.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on the Biota of Freshwater Lakes.- I. Introduction.- II. Physical and Chemical Changes Related to Acidification with Potential Importance to Biota of Softwater Lakes.- III. Descriptive Studies of Changes in Aquatic Biota Related to Acidification.- IV. Effects on Community and Ecosystem Function from Acid-Related Biotic Changes and Indirect Effects of Acidification.- V. Conclusions.- References.- Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Soil Microorganisms.- I. Introduction.- II. Effects on Soil Microorganisms.- III. Organic Matter Decomposition.- IV. Soil Respiration and Soil Enzymatic Activities.- V. Nitrogen Cycle.- VI. Mycorrhizae Associations.- VII. Heavy Metal Effects.- VIII. Future Research Needs.- IX. Conclusion.- References.- Aluminum Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants.- I. Introduction.- II. Expression of Aluminum Phytotoxicity.- III. Mechanisms of Aluminum Phytotoxicity.- IV. Mechanisms of Aluminum Tolerance.- V. Future Research Directions and Concluding Remarks.- References.
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