Coercive cooperation : explaining multilateral economic sanctions

著者

書誌事項

Coercive cooperation : explaining multilateral economic sanctions

Lisa L. Martin

Princeton University Press, c1992

  • : pbk

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注記

Bibliography: p. [277]-292

Includes index

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

: pbk ISBN 9780691034768

内容説明

This innovative study shows that multilateral sanctions are coercive in their pressure on their target and in their origin: the sanctions themselves frequently result from coercive policies, with one state attempting to coerce others through persuasion, threats, and promises. To analyze this process, Lisa Martin uses a novel methodology combining game-theoretic models, statistical analysis, and case studies. She emphasizes that credible commitments gain international cooperation, and concludes that the involvement of international institutions and the willingness of the main "sender" to bear heavy costs are the central factors influencing the sanction's credibility.

目次

FiguresTablesPreface1Introduction3The Study of Economic Sanctions4The Study of International Cooperation7Methodology10Pt. 1Theory and Data132Model and Hypotheses15A Model of Economic Sanctions16Identifying Cooperation Problems25What Explains Cooperation?31Bandwagoning403Measuring Cooperation and Explanatory Variables46Measurement and Description: The Dependent Variable46Measurement and Description: Explanatory Variables544Estimating Models of Cooperation61Regression Analysis62Ordered-Probit Analysis67Event-Count Analysis74The Effect of Declining Hegemony86Pt. 2Case Studies935Human Rights in Latin America: Explaining Unilateral U.S. Sanctions99Congress versus the President: U.S. Human-Rights Policy, 1973-76101The Carter Administration106Economic Sanctions and the Multilateral Development Banks111Attitudes and Responses to U.S. Human-Rights Sanctions119Pinochet's Chile: U.S. Leadership or Resistance?1246The Falkland Islands Conflict131The Falklands Crisis, 1982132The Falklands and the European Community138Sanctions and War: The Case of Ireland153Responses of the United States, Latin America, and Others1597Western Technology-Export Controls169American, European, and Japanese Views on East-West Technology Transfer171Institutional Coordination of Export Controls: CoCom185Responding to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, 1980191Responding to Dissident Trials, 19781988The Polish Crisis and Gas-Pipeline Sanctions204Martial Law in Poland and the Siberian Gas Pipeline206The Effect of Declining Hegemony225Siberian Gas and European Preferences228The Grain Embargo: Why It Mattered2349Conclusion241Explaining International Cooperation on Economic Sanctions241Additional Findings247Implications for Theories of International Cooperation and Economic Sanctions248Notes253Bibliography277Index293
巻冊次

ISBN 9780691086248

内容説明

When Saddam Hussein's army invaded Kuwait on August 2, 1990, the United States took the lead in organizing stringent economic sanctions against Iraq. Since unilateral sanctions rarely succeed, "coercive co-operation" was a necessity. This innovative study shows that multilateral, or co-operative, sanctions are coercive not only in their pressure on their target but also in their origin: the sanctions themselves frequently result from coercive policies, with one interested state attempting to convince other through persuasion, threats and promises. To analyze this process, Lisa Martin uses a methodology combining game-theoretic models, statistical analysis, and case studies. She tests her hypotheses against 99 cases of economic sanctions since 1945 and then against 4 detailed case studies - the U.S.-led pipeline embargo, high-technology sanctions against the Soviet Union, U.S. sanctions against Latin American nations for human rights violations, and British sanctions against Argentina during the Falklands War. Martin emphasizes that credible commitments gain international co-operation, and she concludes that the involvement of international institutions and the willingness of the main "sender" to bear heavy costs are the central factors influencing credibility.

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