The generative lexicon

著者

書誌事項

The generative lexicon

James Pustejovsky

MIT Press, c1995

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注記

Based on the author's unpublished manuscript, "Towards a generative lexicon"

Bibliography: p. [269]-288

Includes indexes

内容説明・目次

内容説明

"The Generative Lexicon" presents a theory of lexical semantics that addresses the problem of the "multiplicity of word meaning"; that is, how we are able to give an infinite number of senses to words with finite means. This formally elaborated theory of a generative approach to word meaning lays the foundation for an implemented computational treatment of word meaning that connects explicitly to a compositional semantics. In contrast to the static view of word meaning (where each word is characterized by a predetermined number of word senses) that imposes a tremendous bottleneck on the performance capability of any natural language processing system, Pustejovsky proposes that the lexicon becomes an active - and central - component in the linguistic description. The essence of his theory is that the lexicon functions generatively, first by providing a rich and expressive vocabulary for characterizing lexical information; then by developing a framework for manipulating fine-grained distinctions in word descriptions; and finally, by formalizing a set of mechanisms for specialized composition of aspects of such descriptions of words, as they occur in context, extended and novel senses are generated. The subjects covered include semantics of nominals (figure/ground nominals, relational nominals, and other event nominals); the semantics of causation (in particular, how causation is lexicalized in language, including causative/unaccusatives, aspectual predicates, experiencer predicates, and modal causatives); how semantic types constrain syntactic expression (such as the behaviour of type shifting and type coercion operations); a formal treatment of event semantics with subevents; and a general treatment of the problem of polysemy.

目次

  • The nature of lexical knowledge: semantic classes and categorical alternation
  • interlexical relations. The logical problem of polysemy: varieties of sense extension
  • contrastive ambiguity
  • complementary polysemy
  • an elementary lexical semantic theory. Limitations of sense enumerative lexicons: the goals of lexical semantic theory
  • the creative use of words
  • permeability of word senses
  • difference in syntactic forms
  • semantic expressiveness
  • generative lexical models
  • strong vs. weak compositionality. The semantic type system: levels of representation
  • argument structure
  • extended event structure. Qualia structure: models of explanation
  • the Qualia structure of nominals. Generative mechanism in semantic: coercion and type shifting
  • co-composition
  • selective binding
  • semantic selection. The semantics of nominals: basic issues
  • nominals with unified types
  • nominals with complex types
  • propositions and event descriptions
  • varieties of nominalization
  • lexicalization and LCPs. The lexical semantics of causation: how language encodes causation
  • causation and unaccusativity
  • aspectual causatives and coercion
  • experiencer predicates
  • modal causatives. Consequences of a generative lexicon: co-composition and verbal semantics
  • stage-level predication
  • further applications of coercion
  • linguistic versus commonsense knowledge
  • lexical inference and thetoric.

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