Protection of global biodiversity : converging strategies
著者
書誌事項
Protection of global biodiversity : converging strategies
Duke University Press, 1998
- : cloth
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The rate of extinction of biological species is greater today than at any time in the last 65 million years. Some predict that if this rate continues, two-thirds of all living species will disappear during the next century. Because reaching consensus on specific courses of action involves complex issues, any adequate response to this impending crisis must include coverage of many areas of inquiry and understanding. Protection of Global Biodiversity features essays by distinguished international experts who communicate with each other across disciplinary boundaries to address the challenge of formulating policies to protect biodiversity.
Although the global community has recently adopted a Convention of Biological Diversity, the agreement sets forth only abstract goals. Contributors to this volume advance the Convention's initial steps by providing workable solutions that can be implemented regionally, nationally, and locally. The contributors-including natural, social, and political scientists; economists; lawyers; and environmentalists; and decisionmakers in business, agriculture, and government-have united to create a common discourse and to evaluate and propose strategies for halting this alarming loss of biodiversity. In recognizing the diverse aspects of this task-scientific, economic, institutional, moral, and legal-this book presents a new picture of emerging action.Contributors. S. James Anaya, Gregory Benford, Graciela Chichilnisky, S. Todd Crider, Yvonne Cripps, Robert T. Fraley, Anil K. Gupta, Lakshman D. Guruswamy, G. M. Heal, Brent Hendricks, Robert B. Horsch, Laura L. Jackson, Annie Lovejoy, Ariel E. Lugo, Jeffrey A. McNeely, Brian G. Norton, Elinor Ostrom, Peter H. Raven, John W. Reid, Walter V. Reid, Mark Sagoff, Roger A. Sedgo, R. David Simpson, Ana Sittenfeld, Christopher D. Stone, Gary H. Toenniessen
目次
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction / Lakshman D. Guruswamy and Jeffrey A. McNeely 1
I. Identifying the Problem: An Overview
Biological Extinction: Its Scope and Meaning for Us / Peter H. Raven and Jeffrey A. McNeely 13
Biodiversity and Public Policy: The Middle of the Road / Ariel E. Lugo 33
II. Scientific Responses
Biotechnology Can Help Reduce the Loss of Biodiversity / Robert B. Horsch and Robert T. Fraley 49
Agricultural Industrialization and the Loss of Biodiversity / Laura L. Jackson 66
An Ex Situ "Library of Life" Strategy / Gregory Benford 87
III. Economic Responses
Sustainable Development and North-South Trade / Graciela Chichilnisky 101
Markets and Biodiversity / Geoffrey M. Heal 118
The Commercialization of Indigenous Genetic Resources as Conservation and Development Policy / R. David Simpson, Roger A. Sedjo, and John W. Reid 129
IV. Institutional Responses
Scales, Polycentricity, and Incentives: Designing Complexity to Govern Complexity / Elinor Ostrom 149
Halting the Loss of Biodiversty: International Institutional Measures / Walter V. Reid 168
Rewarding Local Communities for Conserving Biodiversity: The Case of the Honey Bee / Anil K. Gupta 180
International Research on Crop Plants: Strategies for Utilizing Biotechnology and Proprietary Products / Gary H. Toenniessen 190
The Mayagna Indigenous Community of Nicaragua: Moving from Conflict to a Convergence of Interests / S. James Anaya and S. Todd Crider 202
Biodiversity Prospecting Frameworks: The INBio Experience in Costa Rica / Ana M. Sittenfeld and Annie Lovejoy 223
V. Moral Responses
Biological Resources and Endangered Species: History, Values, and Policy / Bryan G. Norton 247
On the Uses of Biodiversity / Mark Sagoff 265
VI. Legal Implementation
What to Do About Biodiversity: The Earth's Biological Riches in Law and Economics / Christopher D. Stone 287
Aspects of Intellectual Property in Biotechnology: Some European Legal Perspectives / Yvonne Cripps 316
Animals as Inventions: Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights / Mark Sagoff 331
The Convention of Biological Diversity: A Polemic / Lakshman D. Guruswamy 351
Transformative Possibilities: Reinventing the Convention on Biological Diversity / Brent Hendricks 360
Conclusion: How to Save the Biodiversity of Planet Earth / Jeffrey A. McNeely and Lakshman D. Guruswamy 376
Appendix 393
Contributors 415
Index 421
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