Civil resistance in Kosovo

著者

    • Clark, Howard

書誌事項

Civil resistance in Kosovo

Howard Clark

Pluto Press, 2000

  • : pbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-261) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The world woke up to the conflict between Serbs and Kosovo Albanians too late - when Kosovo erupted into full-scale war in the spring of 1999. But many Balkans watchers were surprised war in Kosovo did not happen sooner. In Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Howard Clark argues that war had been avoided previously because of the self-restraint exercised by the Kosovo Albanians and their policy of nonviolence. Prior to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)'s taking up of arms, Kosovo Albanians had had a long history of civil resistance in the face of Serbian ultra-nationalism. They were committed to a strategy of nonviolent resistance even as they were harassed by Serbian police, vilified in racial terms, and excluded from jobs, education and government benefits. Excluded from the 1995 Dayton Agreement, Kosovo became a breeding ground for frustration and ethnic strife, ultimately leading to war and the NATO bombings. The author traces the historical evolution of the Kosovo Albanians' struggle, from peaceful demonstrations to the KLA backlash, covering the 1980s to the present day. In assessing the achievements and limitations of nonviolence, Clark explains why the policy was ultimately abandoned and how it could have been made more effective. Importantly, this book draws on the lessons of Kosovo to provide suggestions for future peace-building.

目次

Introduction Notes on terms, pronunciation, glossary and acronyms Background Map Chapter 1: Serbia - When a dam breaks 1. The demographic battlefield 2. After the fall of Rankovic 3. The rising swell of nationalism 4. Milosevic mobilises 5. Lazar's curse: 'Whoever does not fight at Kosovo' Chapter 2: Albanians in Kosovo 1. The Ottoman Empire 2. The First World War and the First Yugoslavia 3. The Second World War 4. A resistant culture 5. Tito's Yugoslavia 6.. Concessions but no republic 7. 1981 and afterwards 8. An afterword on Communism in Kosovo Chapter 3: The turn to nonviolence 1. Miners defend autonomy 2. The Party crumbles 3. Organisation and pluralism 4. The Campaign to Reconcile Blood Feuds 5. Military realism 6. Nonviolence in Kosovo Albanian identity Chapter 4: Two sovereignties 1. A Serbian recipe for Albanian 'separatism' 2. Wholesale dismissals 3. Police and paramilitary 4. The contest for legitimacy 5. The electoral boycott 6. International support 7. Independence: a non-negotiable goal? Chapter 5: Parallel structures 1. Schools in struggle 2. Open but illegal 3. The University of Prishtina 4. Funding education 5. The lesson taught 6. Medical care 7. The media 8. Arts and sport 9. Economic survival 10. Politics 'as if' 11. A state-in-embryo Chapter 6: Pointers to an alternative 1. A strategy of empowerment 2. Altering Serbian will 3. New impulses: women 4. New impulses: youth 5. The Dayton effect 6. Contacts with Serb oppositionists 7. The student movement of 1997--98 Chapter 7: When the World Takes Notice 1. Diplomacy: The failure of prevention 2. Options for negotiation 3. A civil society approach 4. The crisis erupts 5. OSCE - too little, too late 6. Nato bombs for credibility Chapter 8: Reflections on civil resistance 1. The balance sheet on nonviolence in Kosovo 2. Power and will 3. Victim behaviour 3. Leader syndromes 4. Goals and processes 5. Civil resistance and conflict resolution 6. Early warning, civil resistance and small nations Postscript: Pristina, October 1999 Notes Select bibliography Index

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